Browsing by Subject "Reasoning"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Does Body Mass Index Modify Memory, Reasoning, and Speed of Processing Training Effects in Older Adults
    (Wiley, 2016-11) Clark, Daniel O.; Xu, Huiping; Callahan, Christopher M.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objective To describe 10-year trajectories of cognitive performance by body mass index (BMI) class and to investigate BMI differences in response to memory, reasoning, and speed of processing training in older adults. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the multisite, randomized trial Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly. There were 701 older adults with normal weight, 1,081 with overweight, and 902 with obesity (mean age 73.6) randomized to memory training, reasoning training, speed of processing training, or no-training control group. Participants completed memory, reasoning, and speed of processing tests. Baseline sociodemographic, health, and chronic disease measures were included as covariates in analyses. Results The 10-year trajectories of memory, reasoning, or speed of processing performance did not differ by BMI status among the participants randomized to the untrained control arm. The training effect on the reasoning and speed of processing outcomes did not differ by BMI status. The training effect on the memory outcome in participants with a BMI indicating obesity, however, was just 38% of that observed in participants with normal-weight BMI. Conclusions These analyses of data from the largest trial of cognitive training ever conducted suggest that older adults with obesity may be less responsive to memory training.
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    Reconceptualizing Disorders of Conduct
    (2015) Stilwell, Barbara M.; Galvin, Matthew R.
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    Relationship of Demographic and Health Factors to Cognition in Older Adults in the ACTIVE Study
    (Sage, 2013) Rexroth, Daniel F.; Tennstedt, Sharon L.; Jones, Richard; Guey, Lin T.; Rebok, George W.; Marsiske, Michael; Xu, Yan; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective: Examine the relationship of demographics and health conditions, alone and in combination, on objective measures of cognitive function in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults. Method: Baseline data from 2,782 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study were used to examine relationships of demographics and health conditions with composite scores of memory, reasoning, and speed of processing. Results: Younger age, increased education, and White race were independently associated with better performance in each cognitive domain after adjusting for gender and health conditions. Male gender, diabetes, and suspected clinical depression were associated with poorer cognitive functioning; suspected clinical depression was associated with lower reasoning and diabetes and history of stroke with slower speed of processing. Discussion: Age, education, and race are consistently associated with cognitive performance in this sample of older community-dwelling adults. Diabetes, stroke, and suspected clinical depression had independent but weaker effects on cognition.