Browsing by Subject "Race and ethnicity"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Burden's on U! The Impact of the Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin Decision on K–16 Admissions Policies
    (Taylor & Francis, 2014) Nguyễn, David Hòa Khoa; School of Education
    Using race as a factor in admissions policies was contested in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin. Although the U.S. Supreme Court firmly held in Grutter v. Bollinger that race can be considered among many factors in admitting students, the recent decision in Fisher has posed many questions and challenges for institutions of higher education. It is clear that the Supreme Court has made it more challenging for institutions to advance institutional diversity. This article examines the ruling in Fisher and how it impacts admissions in K–16 education.
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    Disaggregation of Public Health Data by Race & Ethnicity: A Legal Handbook
    (Network for Public Health Law, 2022-12) Hoss, Aila; Murphy, Stephen; Sanchez, Emely; Waggoner, Carrie
    This handbook addresses the role of law in collecting and disseminating public health data disaggregated by race and ethnicity for public health practitioners and attorneys across state, Tribal, and local governments. It is intended to assist practitioners and attorneys with framing and navigating the various legal and non-legal issues around disaggregated public health data. Data disaggregation is the breakdown and categorization of large sets of data by certain data elements, such as race and ethnicity.
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    Indiana Latino Community Profile and Survey Latino-Serving Organizations
    (Indiana University Public Policy Institute, 2016-03) Thelin, Rachel; Sapp, Dona
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    Racial/ethnic differences in the time-varying association between alcohol expectancies and drinking during the transition from childhood to adolescence
    (Taylor & Francis, 2020-04-22) Banks, Devin E.; Faidley, Micah T.; Smith, Gregory T.; Zapolski, Tamika C. B.; Psychology, School of Science
    Alcohol expectancies are important determinants of adolescent drinking, but this relationship may differ based on race/ethnicity. This study used time-varying effect modeling to examine racial/ethnic differences in positive and negative alcohol expectancies and their relationship with drinking among White, African American, and Hispanic youth. Youth reported alcohol expectancies and drinking frequency from 5th-10th grade. African Americans initially endorsed higher positive alcohol expectancies than Whites, but its relationship with drinking was stronger among Whites. Hispanic youth reported slightly higher negative alcohol expectancies in high school, but the relationship between negative expectancies and alcohol use was comparable across groups. The effect of expectancies on alcohol use outcomes may be more robust for Whites, which warrants investigation of risk factors for minority youth.
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    Referral Sources Across Racial and Ethnic Groups at Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers
    (IOS Press, 2024) Chan, Carol K.; Lane, Kathleen A.; Gao, Sujuan; Adeoye-Olatunde, Omolola A.; Biber, Sarah; Glover, Crystal M.; Johnson, David K.; Risacher, Shannon L.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Wang, Sophia; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Background: Despite the need to increase engagement of underrepresented groups (URG) in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) studies, enrollment remains low. Objective: Compare referral sources across racial and ethnic groups among participants enrolled in ADRC studies. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional secondary analysis were extracted from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. We performed mixed effects logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations for professional referral versus non-professional referral by racial and ethnic group, adjusted for age, gender, education, visit year, and Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) with a random effect for study site. Results: Included in the analysis were 48,330 participants across 46 ADRCs (mean [SD] age, 71.3 [10.5] years; 20,767 female [57%]; 4,138 Hispanic [8.6%]; 1,392 non-Hispanic Asian [2.9%]; 6,766 non-Hispanic Black [14%] individuals; and 676 individuals [1.4%] of other races. Non-Hispanic Black and Asian participants had lower odds of being referred by a professional contact compared to non-Hispanic White participants (Black: adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.86, p = 0.005; Asian: adjusted OR = 0.65, 95% CI, p = 0.004). In participants who had completed an MRI, there was no significant difference in referral source across ethnic and racial groups. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to better understand the systemic and structural factors that contribute to differences in referral sources and disparities in recruitment of URG into ADRD studies.
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    Timing of Newborn Blood Collection Alters Metabolic Disease Screening Performance
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-01-20) Peng, Gang; Tang, Yishuo; Cowan, Tina M.; Zhao, Hongyu; Scharfe, Curt; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    Blood collection for newborn genetic disease screening is preferably performed within 24-48 h after birth. We used population-level newborn screening (NBS) data to study early postnatal metabolic changes and whether timing of blood collection could impact screening performance. Newborns were grouped based on their reported age at blood collection (AaBC) into early (12-23 h), standard (24-48 h), and late (49-168 h) collection groups. Metabolic marker levels were compared between the groups using effect size analysis, which controlled for group size differences and influence from the clinical variables of birth weight and gestational age. Metabolite level differences identified between groups were correlated to NBS data from false-positive cases for inborn metabolic disorders including carnitine transport defect (CTD), isovaleric acidemia (IVA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), and phenylketonuria (PKU). Our results showed that 56% of the metabolites had AaBC-related differences, which included metabolites with either decreasing or increasing levels after birth. Compared to the standard group, the early-collection group had elevated marker levels for PKU (phenylalanine, Cohen's d = 0.55), IVA (C5, Cohen's d = 0.24), MMA (C3, Cohen's d = 0.23), and CTD (C0, Cohen's d = 0.23). These findings correlated with higher false-positive rates for PKU (P < 0.05), IVA (P < 0.05), and MMA (P < 0.001), and lower false-positive rate for CTD (P < 0.001) in the early-collection group. Blood collection before 24 h could affect screening performance for some metabolic disorders. We have developed web-based tools integrating AaBC and other variables for interpretive analysis of screening data.