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Item Advanced Imaging Techniques for Chronic Pancreatitis(SpringerLink, 2020-05) Parakh, Anushri; Tirkes, Temel; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineMRI and MRCP play an important role in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) by imaging pancreatic parenchyma and ducts. MRI/MRCP is more widely used than computed tomography (CT) for mild to moderate CP due to its increased sensitivity for pancreatic ductal and gland changes; however, it does not detect the calcifications seen in advanced CP. Quantitative MR imaging offers potential advantages over conventional qualitative imaging, including simplicity of analysis, quantitative and population-based comparisons, and more direct interpretation of detected changes. These techniques may provide quantitative metrics for determining the presence and severity of acinar cell loss and aid in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Given the fact that the parenchymal changes of CP precede the ductal involvement, there would be a significant benefit from developing MRI/MRCP-based, more robust diagnostic criteria combining ductal and parenchymal findings. Among cross-sectional imaging modalities, multi-detector CT (MDCT) has been a cornerstone for evaluating chronic pancreatitis (CP) since it is ubiquitous, assesses primary disease process, identifies complications like pseudocyst or vascular thrombosis with high sensitivity and specificity, guides therapeutic management decisions, and provides images with isotropic resolution within seconds. Conventional MDCT has certain limitations and is reserved to provide predominantly morphological (e.g., calcifications, organ size) rather than functional information. The emerging applications of radiomics and artificial intelligence are poised to extend the current capabilities of MDCT. In this review article, we will review advanced imaging techniques by MRI, MRCP, CT, and ultrasound.Item Advanced MR Imaging of the Pancreas(Elsevier, 2020-08) Hill, Danielle V.; Tirkes, Temel; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineMR imaging can be optimized to evaluate a spectrum of pancreatic disorders with advanced sequences aimed to provide quantitative results and increase MR diagnostic capabilities. The pancreas remains a challenging organ to image because of its small size and location deep within the body. Besides its anatomic limitations, pancreatic pathology can be difficult to identify in the early stages. For example, subtle changes in ductal anatomy and parenchymal composition seen in early chronic pancreatitis are imperceptible with other modalities, such as computed tomography. This article reviews the application of MR imaging techniques and emerging MR sequences used in pancreas imaging.Item Stability of MRI metrics in the advanced research core of the NCAA-DoD concussion assessment, research and education (CARE) consortium(Springer Nature, 2018-08) Nencka, Andrew S.; Meier, Timothy B.; Wang, Yang; Muftuler, L. Tugan; Wu, Yu-Chien; Saykin, Andrew J.; Harezlak, Jaroslaw; Brooks, M. Alison; Giza, Christopher C.; Difiori, John; Guskiewicz, Kevin M.; Mihalik, Jason P.; LaConte, Stephen M.; Duma, Stefan M.; Broglio, Steven; McAllister, Thomas; McCrea, Michael A.; Koch, Kevin M.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineThe NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) consortium is performing a large-scale, comprehensive study of sport related concussions in college student-athletes and military service academy cadets. The CARE "Advanced Research Core" (ARC), is focused on executing a cutting-edge investigative protocol on a subset of the overall CARE athlete population. Here, we present the details of the CARE ARC MRI acquisition and processing protocol along with preliminary analyzes of within-subject, between-site, and between-subject stability across a variety of MRI biomarkers. Two experimental datasets were utilized for this analysis. First, two "human phantom" subjects were imaged multiple times at each of the four CARE ARC imaging sites, which utilize equipment from two imaging vendors. Additionally, a control cohort of healthy athletes participating in non-contact sports were enrolled in the study at each CARE ARC site and imaged at four time points. Multiple morphological image contrasts were acquired in each MRI exam; along with quantitative diffusion, functional, perfusion, and relaxometry imaging metrics. As expected, the imaging markers were found to have varying levels of stability throughout the brain. Importantly, between-subject variance was generally found to be greater than within-subject and between-site variance. These results lend support to the expectation that cross-site and cross-vendor advanced quantitative MRI metrics can be utilized to improve analytic power in assessing sensitive neurological variations; such as those effects hypothesized to occur in sports-related-concussion. This stability analysis provides a crucial foundation for further work utilizing this expansive dataset, which will ultimately be freely available through the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Informatics System.