Browsing by Subject "Psychometric properties"
Item Epilepsy-related stigma and attitudes: Systematic review of screening instruments and interventions - Report by the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Stigma in Epilepsy(Wiley, 2022) Austin, Joan K.; Birbeck, Gretchen; Parko, Karen; Kwon, Churl-Su; Fernandes, Paula T.; Braga, Patricia; Fiest, Kirsten M.; Ali, Amza; Cross, J. Helen; de Boer, Hanneke; Dua, Tarun; Haut, Sheryl R.; Jacoby, Ann; Lorenzetti, Diane L.; Mifsud, Janet; Moshé, Solomon L.; Tripathi, Manjari; Wiebe, Samuel; Jette, Nathalie; School of NursingObjective: This is a systematic review aimed at summarizing the evidence related to instruments that have been developed to measure stigma or attitudes toward epilepsy and on stigma-reducing interventions. Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. A broad literature search (1985-2019) was performed in 13 databases. Articles were included if they described the development and testing of psychometric properties of an epilepsy-related stigma or attitude scale or stigma-reducing interventions. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts, reviewed full-text articles, and extracted data. Basic descriptive statistics are reported. Results: We identified 4234 abstracts, of which 893 were reviewed as full-text articles. Of these, 38 met inclusion criteria for an instrument development study and 30 as a stigma-reduction intervention study. Most instruments were initially developed using well-established methods and were tested in relatively large samples. Most intervention studies involved educational programs for adults with pre- and post-evaluations of attitudes toward people with epilepsy. Intervention studies often failed to use standardized instruments to quantify stigmatizing attitudes, were generally underpowered, and often found no evidence of benefit or the benefit was not sustained. Six intervention studies with stigma as the primary outcome had fewer design flaws and showed benefit. Very few or no instruments were validated for regional languages or culture, and there were very few interventions tested in some regions. Significance: Investigators in regions without instruments should consider translating and further developing existing instruments rather than initiating the development of new instruments. Very few stigma-reduction intervention studies for epilepsy have been conducted, study methodology in general was poor, and standardized instruments were rarely used to measure outcomes. To accelerate the development of effective epilepsy stigma-reduction interventions, a paradigm shift from disease-specific, siloed trials to collaborative, cross-disciplinary platforms based upon unified theories of stigma transcending individual conditions will be needed.Item Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Oral Health Behavior Social Support (OHBSS) Scales in English and Spanish for Mexican-origin young adults(Springer Nature, 2025-04-10) Finlayson, Tracy L.; Garcia‑Alcaraz, Cristian; Malcarne, Vanessa L.; Ryder, Mark; Ayala, Guadalupe X.; Martinez, Lourdes S.; Schiaffino, Melody K.; Hoeft, Kristin S.; Gansky, Stuart A.; Dougherty, Erin; Stamm, Nannette; Shue, Brian; Maupomé, Gerardo; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthBackground: Valid, reliable measures of psychosocial constructs are needed in oral health research. This study quantitatively evaluated the psychometric properties of nine new Oral Health Behavior Social Support (OHBSS) scales, which measured support for three oral health behaviors (brushing, flossing, dental care), queried for each of three sources (family, health providers, others/friends). Methods: Young Mexican-origin adults in the southwestern United States-Mexico border region completed an online survey, in English or Spanish (N = 502). Survey items included: OHBSS scales, general social support scales, oral health behaviors, self-rated oral health status, dental anxiety, acculturation and socio-demographics. Subsample 1 participants also completed a dental exam (N = 41). Subsample 2 participants also completed a repeat OHBSS survey two-to-six weeks later (N = 56). Psychometric properties were tabulated, overall and by language preference (English or Spanish). Convergent and divergent validity were evaluated via correlations between the dental-specific OHBSS social support scales, scores from three validated general social support scales, and scales expected to be largely unrelated (acculturation, dental anxiety). Correlations examined predictive validity between the OHBSS scales and oral health behaviors, and self-reported and clinical outcomes. Test-retest reliability was assessed via intraclass correlation coefficients in Subsample 2. Results: Of 502 participants, 60% preferred speaking English, 37% were single, and 21% were male. OHBSS scores indicated that health providers then family provided the most support for all three oral health behaviors, while others/friends did not provide much support. Spanish speakers tended to have higher OHBSS scores than English speakers. Correlations followed expected patterns and supported convergent and divergent validity, in the full sample and across languages. OHBSS scales exhibited many significant weak-moderate positive correlations (r = 0.10-0.38) with general social support scales. Few (11/108) significant correlations (< -0.16) were observed between OHBSS scales, acculturation, and dental anxiety. OHBSS scales exhibited some significant weak-moderate positive correlations with oral health-promoting behaviors. OHBSS scales were not associated with clinical outcomes. OHBSS scales exhibited good test-retest reliability overall and in Spanish. Conclusion: Psychometric properties for the OHBSS scales were acceptable in both English and Spanish versions. The scales are valid and reliable tools for assessing social support for oral health-promoting behaviors from family, health providers, and others/friends.Item Measurement Invariance of the Revised-Green Paranoid Thought Scale Across Black and White Americans(Elsevier, 2024) Wolny, J.; Moussa-Tooks, Alexandra B.; Bailey, Allen J.; MacDonald, Angus W., III; Mervis, Joshua E.; Hetrick, William P.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineGiven the culturally diverse landscape of mental healthcare and research, ensuring that our psychological constructs are measured equivalently across diverse populations is critical. One construct for which there is significant potential for inequitable assessment is paranoia, a prominent feature in psychotic disorders that can also be driven by culture and racial marginalization. This study examined measurement invariance-an analytic technique to rigorously investigate whether a given construct is being measured similarly across groups-of the Revised-Green Paranoid Thought Scale (R-GPTS; Freeman et al., 2021) across Black and White Americans in the general population. Racial group differences in self-reported paranoia were also examined. The analytic sample consisted of 480 non-Hispanic White and 459 non-Hispanic Black Americans. Analyses demonstrated full invariance (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar invariance) of the R-GPTS across groups, indicating that the R-GPTS appropriately captures self-reported paranoia between Black and White Americans. Accordingly, it is reasonable to compare group endorsement: Black participants endorsed significantly higher scores on both the ideas of reference and ideas of persecution subscales of the R-GPTS (Mean ± SD = 10.91 ± 7.12 versus 8.21 ± 7.17 and Mean ± SD = 10.18 ± 10.03 versus 6.35 ± 8.35, for these subscales respectively). Generalized linear modeling revealed that race remained a large and statistically significant predictor of R-GPTS total score (β = -0.38756, p < 0.001) after controlling for relevant demographic factors (e.g., sex, age). This study addresses a critical gap within the existing literature as it establishes that elevations in paranoia exhibited by Black Americans in the R-GPTS reflect actual differences between groups rather than measurement artifacts.Item Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Iran(Wolters Kluwer, 2013) Bagherian-Sararoudi, Reza; Hajian, Ahmadreza; Ehsan, Hadi Bahrami; Sarafraz, Mehdi Reza; Zimet, Gregory D.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground: Social support is a complex and multifaceted construct. Thus, It is important that a given social support scale be theoretically grounded and its purview clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Iranian version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Methods: The sample study included 176 consecutive myocardial infarction (MI) patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) ward of nine hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, and 71 consecutive subjects from the general population. They all filled out the final Iranian version of the MSPSS and also 71 participants filled out the MSPSS twice over a 2-month period. Factor analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient correlation were used to analyze data. Results: Factor analysis of the scores of the patient and healthy samples yielded a three-factor structure, including family, friends and significant others. The percentage of variance explained by the three factors in the patient sample and healthy sample were 77.87% and 78.55%, respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient has been found to be 0.84 for the scale and 0.90, 0.93 and 0.85, respectively, for the friends, significant others and family subscales from the patient sample, and 0.92 for the scale and 0.89, 0.92 and 0.87, respectively, for the friends, significant others and family subscales from the healthy sample. Test-retest stability over a 2-month period yielded 0.84 for the scale and 0.73, 0.78 and 0.84, respectively, for the friends, significant others and family subscales from the healthy sample. Conclusions: The findings proved the three-factor structure of the Iranian version of the MSPSS and indicated that the Iranian version of the MSPSS is a reliable, valid and acceptable measure of perceived social support.