Browsing by Subject "Psychometric"
Item Cultural Trauma Scale (CuTS): Psychometric evaluation of Black men's beliefs, emotions, and coping(2023-11) Gregory Jr., Virgil Lee; Tucker Edmonds, JosephRacism and gender-based prejudice produce a synergistic and toxic effect that necessitates analysis. There is a need to conduct more research with Black men as their experiences with race-based trauma may differ, given their concurrent disproportionate exposure to other forms of violence. Objective: The study’s purpose was to develop items for and evaluate the factor structure and internal consistency of the Cultural Trauma Scale (CuTS) in an exclusive sample of Black men. Method: Using the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Community Alliance for Research Engagement principles, the study was conducted in a context of community engaged research. Data were collected from individual interviews and focus groups, subject matter experts, and a sample of 150 adult Black men. Principal axis factoring (PAF) was used to determine the factor structure of the scale items. Results: Via PAF the final factor structure included five constructs addressing: American & Its Justice System: Cognitive- Emotional Responses (Cronbach’s Alpha = .88), Cognitive-Behavioral Coping (Cronbach’s Alpha = .77), Willingness to Seek Cultural Trauma Treatment (Cronbach’s Alpha = .88), Tripartite Police Fear (Cronbach’s Alpha = .81), and Resilience (Cronbach’s Alpha = .61). Conclusion: The CuTS represents psychometric advancement in the measurement of Black male social justice and healing from cultural trauma. Keywords: Cognitive-Behavioral, Cultural Trauma, Black, Men, Psychometric Clinical Impact Statement: The measurement properties of the Cultural Trauma Scale (CuTS) were examined in an exclusive adult Black male sample. The data suggest the CuTS measures trauma regarding Black structural, cognitive, emotional, familial, and professional health seeking concepts. This study provides a tool for measuring constructs within a Black male demographic that are frequently encountered in Black clinical research and practice.Item Role of patients’ perception of barriers to taking medication on medication adherence among patients with diabetes: development and psychometric evaluation of the murage-marrero-monahan medication barriers scale (4m scale), patient characteristics associated with medication barriers, and association of medication barriers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk(2014) Murage, Mwangi James; Swanson, G. Marie; Marrero, David G.; Wessel, JenniferMedication adherence remains a problem among Type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients despite availability of effective treatments. Three analyses of extant data sets were conducted to examine barriers to using medication as prescribed as an alternate method to assess medication adherence: 1) development and psychometric evaluation of the Murage-Marrero-Monahan-Medication barriers (4M) scale to assess patients’ perceived barriers; 2) patient demographic factors associated with barriers to using medication as prescribed, and 3) the association between patients’ perceived barriers to medication use and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor control.Twelve focus groups and a cross-sectional study of 362 T2D patients contributed to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of the 4M scale. A cross-sectional survey of 964 T2D patients was used for the other two studies. Analysis of covariance identified demographic factors associated with reported barriers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify barriers associated with CVD risk factors (glucose, blood pressure and lipids) categorized as either poor or good control. Exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation resulted in a 19-item 4M scale with acceptable psychometric properties. As a five-domain (or single-domain) structure, coefficient alpha ranged from 0.70 to 0.83 (0.92). Both structures demonstrated discriminant validity and known-group validity. Age was inversely associated with all identified barriers while income was inversely associated with poor communication with providers and side effects. A unit increase in the overall barrier mean score on the 4M scale was associated with 92% increase in the odds of having poor control of two or more CVD risk factors compared to good control of all three risk factors (adjusted OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.16–3.17; p<0.05). The 4M scale demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in assessing barriers to using medication among T2D patients. Poor medication adherence has been previously associated with CVD risk. In this study, greater barriers were associated with poorer control of CVD risk factors making barriers a potential alternative to medication adherence, whose current assessment methods are limited. The 4M scale has the advantage to identify specific barriers inhibiting medication use that can facilitate patient-provider discussions and the development of targeted interventions.