Browsing by Subject "Polysaccharides"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Nicotine is a potent extracellular polysaccharide inducer in Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms
    (SciELO, 2023) Matos, Adaias Oliveira; Barão, Valentim Adelino Ricardo; Gregory, Richard Lee; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry
    Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the influence of nicotine on the extracellular polysaccharides in Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm. Methods: F. nucleatum (ATCC 10953) biofilms supplemented with different concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/mL) were grown in two different BHI broth conditions [no sucrose and 1% sucrose]. Extracellular polysaccharides assay, pH measurements, and a spectrophotometric assay were performed. Data were submitted for ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference analyses (HSD) tests (α =.05). Results: Extracellular polysaccharides synthesis was influenced by an interaction between nicotine concentrations and growth medium solution containing sucrose (P<.05). The pH values declined in the sucrose-exposed biofilm were greater than in the group exposed only to nicotine (P<.05). The biofilm exposed to sucrose and nicotine had a higher total biofilm growth (P<.05) than the nicotine-treated biofilm without sucrose. Conclusions: Regardless of sucrose exposure, biofilms exposed to different nicotine concentrations influenced the amount of extracellular polysaccharides.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Resident microbes shape the vaginal epithelial glycan landscape
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023) Agarwal, Kavita; Choudhury, Biswa; Robinson, Lloyd S.; Morrill, Sydney R.; Bouchibiti, Yasmine; Chilin-Fuentes, Daisy; Rosenthal, Sara B.; Fisch, Kathleen M.; Peipert, Jeffrey F.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.; Allsworth, Jenifer E.; Lewis, Amanda L.; Lewis, Warren G.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    Epithelial cells are covered in carbohydrates (glycans). This glycan coat or "glycocalyx" interfaces directly with microbes, providing a protective barrier against potential pathogens. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition associated with adverse health outcomes in which bacteria reside in direct proximity to the vaginal epithelium. Some of these bacteria, including Gardnerella, produce glycosyl hydrolase enzymes. However, glycans of the human vaginal epithelial surface have not been studied in detail. Here, we elucidate key characteristics of the "normal" vaginal epithelial glycan landscape and analyze the impact of resident microbes on the surface glycocalyx. In human BV, glycocalyx staining was visibly diminished in electron micrographs compared to controls. Biochemical and mass spectrometric analysis showed that, compared to normal vaginal epithelial cells, BV cells were depleted of sialylated N- and O-glycans, with underlying galactose residues exposed on the surface. Treatment of primary epithelial cells from BV-negative women with recombinant Gardnerella sialidases generated BV-like glycan phenotypes. Exposure of cultured VK2 vaginal epithelial cells to recombinant Gardnerella sialidase led to desialylation of glycans and induction of pathways regulating cell death, differentiation, and inflammatory responses. These data provide evidence that vaginal epithelial cells exhibit an altered glycan landscape in BV and suggest that BV-associated glycosidic enzymes may lead to changes in epithelial gene transcription that promote cell turnover and regulate responses toward the resident microbiome.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Sugar-Coated Proteins Pave the Way to Improving Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis
    (Elsevier, 2016-01-28) Korc, Murray; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item