Browsing by Subject "Point-of-care diagnostics"

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    Hydrogel Innovations in Biosensing: A New Frontier for Pancreatitis Diagnostics
    (MDPI, 2025-03-03) Sutar, Prerna; Pethe, Atharv; Kumar, Piyush; Tripathi, Divya; Maity, Dipak; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science
    Pancreatitis is a prominent and severe type of inflammatory disorder that has grabbed a lot of scientific and clinical interest to prevent its onset. It should be detected early to avoid the development of serious complications, which occur due to long-term damage to the pancreas. The accurate measurement of biomarkers that are released from the pancreas during inflammation is essential for the detection and early treatment of patients with severe acute and chronic pancreatitis, but this is sub-optimally performed in clinically relevant practices, mainly due to the complexity of the procedure and the cost of the treatment. Clinically available tests for the early detection of pancreatitis are often time-consuming. The early detection of pancreatitis also relates to disorders of the exocrine pancreas, such as cystic fibrosis in the hereditary form and cystic fibrosis-like syndrome in the acquired form of pancreatitis, which are genetic disorders with symptoms that can be correlated with the overexpression of specific markers such as creatinine in biological fluids like urine. In this review, we studied how to develop a minimally invasive system using hydrogel-based biosensors, which are highly absorbent and biocompatible polymers that can respond to specific stimuli such as enzymes, pH, temperature, or the presence of biomarkers. These biosensors are helpful for real-time health monitoring and medical diagnostics since they translate biological reactions into quantifiable data. This paper also sheds light on the possible use of Ayurvedic formulations along with hydrogels as a treatment strategy. These analytical devices can be used to enhance the early detection of severe pancreatitis in real time.
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    Intraoperative detection of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in human gliomas using a miniature mass spectrometer
    (SpringerLink, 2019-12) Brown, Hannah Marie; Pu, Fan; Dey, Mahua; Miller, James; Shah, Mitesh V.; Shapiro, Scott A.; Ouyang, Zheng; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A.; Cooks, R. Graham; Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine
    Knowledge of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of glioma patients could provide insights for decision-making during brain surgery. However, pathology is not able to provide such information intraoperatively. Here we describe the first application of a miniature mass spectrometer (MS) to the determination of IDH mutation status in gliomas intraoperatively. The instrumentation was modified to be compatible with use in the operating room. Tandem MS was performed on the oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, and a reference metabolite, glutamate, which is not involved in the IDH mutation. Ratios of fragment ion intensities were measured to calculate an IDH mutation score, which was used to differentiate IDH mutant and wild-type tissues. The results of analyzing 25 biopsies from 13 patients indicate that reliable determination of IDH mutation status was achieved (p = 0.0001, using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test). With its small footprint and low power consumption and noise level, this application of miniature mass spectrometers represents a simple and cost-effective platform for an important intraoperative measurement.
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    Intraoperative Mass Spectrometry Platform for IDH Mutation Status Prediction, Glioma Diagnosis, and Estimation of Tumor Cell Infiltration
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Brown, Hannah Marie; Alfaro, Clint M.; Pirro, Valentina; Dey, Mahua; Hattab, Eyas M.; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A.; Cooks, R. Graham; Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine
    Background: Surgical tumor resection is the primary treatment option for diffuse glioma, the most common malignant brain cancer. The intraoperative diagnosis of gliomas from tumor core samples can be improved by use of molecular diagnostics. Further, residual tumor at surgical margins is a primary cause of tumor recurrence and malignant progression. This study evaluates a desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) system for intraoperative isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation assessment, estimation of tumor cell infiltration as tumor cell percentage (TCP), and disease status. This information could be used to enhance the extent of safe resection and so potentially improve patient outcomes. Methods: A mobile DESI-MS instrument was modified and used in neurosurgical operating rooms (ORs) on a cohort of 49 human subjects undergoing craniotomy with tumor resection for suspected diffuse glioma. Small tissue biopsies (ntotal = 203) from the tumor core and surgical margins were analyzed by DESI-MS in the OR and classified using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Results: Assessment of IDH mutation status using DESI-MS/MS to measure 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) ion intensities from tumor cores yielded a sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 89, 100, and 94%, respectively (ncore = 71). Assessment of TCP (categorized as low or high) in tumor margin and core biopsies using N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA) intensity provided a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 91, 76, and 83%, respectively (ntotal = 203). TCP assessment using lipid profile deconvolution provided sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 76, 85, and 81%, respectively (ntotal = 203). Combining the experimental data and using PCA-LDA predictions of disease status, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in predicting disease status are 63%, 83%, and 74%, respectively (ntotal = 203). Conclusions: The DESI-MS system allowed for identification of IDH mutation status, glioma diagnosis, and estimation of tumor cell infiltration intraoperatively in a large human glioma cohort. This methodology should be further refined for clinical diagnostic applications.
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    Selective Collection of Exhaled Breath Condensate for Noninvasive Screening of Breath Glucose
    (Sage, 2025) Desai, Aditya; Tankasala, Divya; Ng, Gabriel P.; Thakkar, Pankti; Hoilett, Orlando S.; Mather, Kieren J.; Linnes, Jacqueline C.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Although exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising noninvasive sample for detecting respiratory analytes such as glucose, current EBC collection methods yield inconsistent results. Methods: We developed a custom EBC collection device with a temperature-based algorithm to selectively condense alveolar air for reproducible EBC glucose detection. We characterized the condensate volumes and the corresponding glucose concentrations. We performed a pilot study demonstrating its use during oral glucose tolerance tests. Results: The novel device selectively captured alveolar air resulting in slightly higher and less variable glucose concentrations than the overall EBC. Participants with type 2 diabetes demonstrated significantly higher blood plasma-EBC glucose ratios than normoglycemic participants. Conclusions: Temperature-based selective EBC collection allows EBC glucose measurement and is a promising sampling method to distinguish patients with and without diabetes.