Browsing by Subject "Physical activities"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Association Between Leisure Activity Engagement and Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older People With HIV
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Wion, Rachel K.; Fazeli, Pariya L.; Vance, David E.; School of Nursing
    Background and objectives: Middle-aged and older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which may be improved by engaging in leisure activities. We examined associations between HRQoL and participation in cognitive, physical, social, and passive leisure activities, and whether depressive symptoms mediated these relationships. Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model of HRQoL guided this study. Research design and methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, we enrolled 174 adults living with HIV aged 40 and older (M = 51.3, SD = 7.03). Participants completed assessments of leisure activities, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlations, hierarchal multiple regression, and mediation analyses. Results: Greater engagement in physical activities was associated with higher physical HRQoL (b = 2.02, p < .05). Greater engagement in social activities was associated with both higher physical (b = 1.44, p < .05) and mental HRQoL (b = 1.95, p < .01). However, all associations between leisure activities and HRQoL were fully attenuated by depressive symptoms. Cognitive and passive leisure activities were not significantly correlated with HRQoL. Mediation analyses confirmed that depressive symptoms were the mediator mechanism by which social activities affected mental and physical HRQoL. Discussion and implications: More frequent engagement in physical and social leisure activities is associated with better HRQoL, and social leisure activities improve HRQoL via their impact on mood. Interventions to increase leisure activities, especially among people living with HIV who have poorer affective functioning, may be the most effective approach to improving HRQoL.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Unveiling the Dichotomy of Urinary Proteins: Diagnostic Insights into Breast and Prostate Cancer and Their Roles
    (MDPI, 2023-12-26) Feng, Yan; Huo, Qingji; Li, Bai-Yan; Yokota, Hiroki; Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology
    This review covers the diagnostic potential of urinary biomarkers, shedding light on their linkage to cancer progression. Urinary biomarkers offer non-invasive avenues for detecting cancers, potentially bypassing the invasiveness of biopsies. The investigation focuses primarily on breast and prostate cancers due to their prevalence among women and men, respectively. The intricate interplay of urinary proteins is explored, revealing a landscape where proteins exhibit context-dependent behaviors. The review highlights the potential impact of physical activity on urinary proteins, suggesting its influence on tumorigenic behaviors. Exercise-conditioned urine may emerge as a potential diagnostic biomarker source. Furthermore, treatment effects, notably after lumpectomy and prostatectomy, induce shifts in the urinary proteome, indicating therapeutic impacts rather than activating oncogenic signaling. The review suggests further investigations into the double-sided, context-dependent nature of urinary proteins, the potential role of post-translational modifications (PTM), and the integration of non-protein markers like mRNA and metabolites. It also discusses a linkage of urinary proteomes with secretomes from induced tumor-suppressing cells (iTSCs). Despite challenges like cancer heterogeneity and sample variability due to age, diet, and comorbidities, harnessing urinary proteins and proteoforms may hold promise for advancing our understanding of cancer progressions, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic role of urinary proteins.