- Browse by Subject
Browsing by Subject "Phototherapy"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Evaluation of Photography Media and Methods According to the Expressive Therapies Continuum: A Systematic Literature Review(2014-05) Moffatt, Heidi N.; King, JulietThe first successful photography experiments occurred in the early 1800s, and since this time photography has attracted artists, scientists, amateurs, and therapists who wish to enhance the treatment of their clients. Phototherapy was defined and established in the 1970s to refer to a system of 5 interrelated techniques used by any trained therapist or counselor within therapy with the goal of increasing insight and communication. A minimal amount of art therapists have also adopted photography; however, the use of photography in art therapy differs from phototherapy. In art therapy, the creation of artwork occurs within the session and is supported by the art therapist who has training in media and the creative process. A foundational theory in the field of art therapy, the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC), is utilized by many art therapists and art therapy programs to evaluate the appropriateness of media for the client. This study aims to bridge the gap in art therapy literature regarding the use of photography in art therapy and photographic media and methods by conceptualizing photography within the context of the ETC. Through a systematic literature review, the definitions and interventions of photo art therapy, the role of media in art therapy, and the ETC components and variables are explored in order to find the level of information processing in which photography is predominant. This study is delimited by its focus on the ETC, and limitations include the amount of found research on the use of photography in art therapy. Implications of this study include the therapeutic effects of photographic media and the need for further research and training with photographic and other untraditional media.Item Impact of Ambient Bright Light on Agitation in Dementia(2010) Barrick, Ann Louise; Sloane, Philip D.; Williams, Christianna S.; Mitchell, C. Madeline; Connell, Bettye Rose; Wood, Wendy; Hickman, Susan E.; Preisser, John S.; Zimmerman, SherylObjective To evaluate the effect of ambient bright light therapy on agitation among institutionalized persons with dementia. Methods High intensity, low glare ambient lighting was installed in activity and dining areas of a state psychiatric hospital unit in North Carolina and a dementia-specific residential care facility in Oregon. The study employed a cluster-unit crossover design involving four ambient lighting conditions: AM bright light, PM bright light, All Day bright light, and Standard light. Sixty-six older persons with dementia participated. Outcome measures included direct observation by research personnel and completion by staff caregivers of the 14-item, short form of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). Results Analyses of observational data revealed that for participants with mild/moderate dementia, agitation was higher under AM light (p=0.003), PM light (p<0.001), and All Day light (p=0.001) than Standard light. There also was a trend toward severely demented participants being more agitated during AM light than Standard light (p=0.053). Analysis of CMAI data identified differing responses by site: the North Carolina site significantly increased agitation under AM light (p=0.002) and PM light (p=0.013) compared with All Day light while in Oregon, agitation was higher for All Day light compared to AM light (p=0.030). In no comparison was agitation significantly lower under any therapeutic condition, in comparison to Standard lighting. Conclusions Ambient bright light is not effective in reducing agitation in dementia and may exacerbate this behavioral symptom.Item Photoinhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm-Induced Lesions in Human Dentin by Violet-Blue Light(MDPI, 2019-12-11) Felix Gomez, Grace Gomez; Lippert, Frank; Ando, Masatoshi; Zandona, Andrea F.; Andrea F., George J.; Gregory, Richard L.; Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of DentistryThis in vitro study determined the effectiveness of violet-blue light on Streptococcus mutans (UA159) biofilm induced dentinal lesions. Biofilm was formed on human dentin specimens in a 96-well microtiter plate and incubated for 13 h in the presence of tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS). Violet-blue light (405 nm) from quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLFTM) was used to irradiate the biofilm. Supernatant liquid was removed, and the biofilm was irradiated continuously with QLF for 5 min twice daily with an interval of 6 h for 5 d, except with one treatment on the final day. Colony forming units (CFU) of the treated biofilm, changes in fluorescence (∆F; QLF-Digital BiluminatorTM), lesion depth (L), and integrated mineral loss (∆Z; both transverse microradiography) were quantified at the end of the fifth day. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA), testing at a 5% significance level. In the violet-blue light irradiated groups, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of bacterial viability (CFU) of S. mutans with TSB and TSBS. Violet-blue light irradiation resulted in the reduction of ∆F and L of the dentinal surface with TSBS. These results indicate that violet-blue light has the capacity to reduce S. mutans cell numbers.Item Reduction of enterococcus faecalis biofilm by blue light and sodium hypochlorite(2017) Kwan, Daryl A.; Gregory, Richard L.; Spolnik, Kenneth J.; Bringas, Josef S.; Zunt, Susan L.; Ando, Masatoshi; Ehrlich, YgalIntroduction: Microbial biofilms have been shown to be a cause of persistent endodontic infections. It is more resistant than planktonic bacteria to host immune defenses and antimicrobials. Studies indicate that photodynamic light therapy (PDT), which involves using light at specific wavelengths, has a potent antibacterial effect on bacterial biofilm. PDT is an antimicrobial strategy that involves the use of a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) along with a light source. The excited PS reacts with molecular oxygen to produce highly reactive oxygen species, which induce injury or death to microorganisms. PSs have a high degree of selectivity for inhibiting microorganisms without negatively affecting host mammalian cells. PDT has been suggested as an adjuvant to conventional endodontic treatment. Studies at IUSD have shown that blue light at 380 nm to 440 nm has the ability to inactivate Streptococcus mutans biofilm without any exogenous PS. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of blue light at 380 nm to 440 nm to reduce adherence of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm after NaOCl irrigation at various concentrations. Materials and Methods: E. faecalis biofilm was established for 72 hours in 96- well flat-bottom microtiter plates using Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 1.0-percent sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with blue light for 5 minutes before exposure to various concentrations of NaOCl for 30 seconds. A crystal violet biofilm assay was used to determine relative density of the biofilm. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Sidak-adjusted multiple comparisons using a 5.0-percent significance level. Null Hypothesis: Blue light and NaOCl will not have an effect against E. faecalis biofilm adherence. Results: Overall, there was a significant effect (p < 0.05) for NaOCl and a significant effect for blue light. The effects of the combination of NaOCl and blue light were also significant. Conclusion: We reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis that blue light when used in conjunction with NaOCl will reduce adherence of E. faecalis biofilm.