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Item A Systematic Approach to Configuring MetaMap for Optimal Performance(Thieme, 2022) Jing, Xia; Indani, Akash; Hubig, Nina; Min, Hua; Gong, Yang; Cimino, James J.; Sittig, Dean F.; Rennert, Lior; Robinson, David; Biondich, Paul; Wright, Adam; Nøhr, Christian; Law, Timothy; Faxvaag, Arild; Gimbel, Ronald; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground: MetaMap is a valuable tool for processing biomedical texts to identify concepts. Although MetaMap is highly configurative, configuration decisions are not straightforward. Objective: To develop a systematic, data-driven methodology for configuring MetaMap for optimal performance. Methods: MetaMap, the word2vec model, and the phrase model were used to build a pipeline. For unsupervised training, the phrase and word2vec models used abstracts related to clinical decision support as input. During testing, MetaMap was configured with the default option, one behavior option, and two behavior options. For each configuration, cosine and soft cosine similarity scores between identified entities and gold-standard terms were computed for 40 annotated abstracts (422 sentences). The similarity scores were used to calculate and compare the overall percentages of exact matches, similar matches, and missing gold-standard terms among the abstracts for each configuration. The results were manually spot-checked. The precision, recall, and F-measure (β =1) were calculated. Results: The percentages of exact matches and missing gold-standard terms were 0.6-0.79 and 0.09-0.3 for one behavior option, and 0.56-0.8 and 0.09-0.3 for two behavior options, respectively. The percentages of exact matches and missing terms for soft cosine similarity scores exceeded those for cosine similarity scores. The average precision, recall, and F-measure were 0.59, 0.82, and 0.68 for exact matches, and 1.00, 0.53, and 0.69 for missing terms, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated a systematic approach that provides objective and accurate evidence guiding MetaMap configurations for optimizing performance. Combining objective evidence and the current practice of using principles, experience, and intuitions outperforms a single strategy in MetaMap configurations. Our methodology, reference codes, measurements, results, and workflow are valuable references for optimizing and configuring MetaMap.Item At a Loss for Words: Using Performance to Explain How Friends Communicate About Infertility(2023-06) Binion, Kelsey Elizabeth; Brann, Maria; Beckman, Emily; Bute, Jennifer J.; Longtin, Krista J.In the United States, approximately one in five women are unable to get pregnant after one year of trying. Due to the pervasiveness of pronatalism in Western society, having a child is widely assumed to be a natural and expected part of womanhood. Society’s master narratives reinforce these ideals and stigmatize the experiences of women who have infertility. This multi-phase research study examined how women discuss their infertility journey with their friends. The study’s aims were to understand friendships within the context of infertility, how the relationship affects a woman’s identity, and the communicative behaviors used in conversations. Fifteen interviews were conducted with women who experienced or are experiencing infertility and had discussed their past or current challenges with a friend. Results of a phronetic iterative analysis suggested that women who have personal experience with infertility (a) disclose to close/best friends, (b) communicate their identity as “broken,” (c) desire emotional support, and (d) strategically navigate conversations as they encounter positive and negative messages. These results were transformed into a performance, which included six monologues and a talkback. The purpose of the arts-based methodology was to disseminate results and assess the performance’s impact. Seventy-three individuals attended one of the two performances in April 2023, and 50 attendees completed the post-performance evaluation. The quantitative results suggest that attendees felt informed about the complexities of infertility, gained a new perspective, received advice about how to have future conversations, and did not feel offended by the content. Through a thematic analysis, four themes emerged from the two talkback sessions and evaluation comments: being informed about infertility as a health condition, appreciating the theatrical format to learn, connecting to the performance to understand the illness experience, and feeling comfortable navigating conversations about infertility. Despite the variance in infertility experiences, friends are essential social support figures as women navigate infertility, and there are best practices when having a conversation, as demonstrated in the performance. This study’s implications include providing communication strategies to support women with infertility and recognizing that an arts-based methodology can highlight counterstories, inform about a stigmatized health issue, and engage the community.Item Creating a Conversation(2016) Jacob, Andrew; Hull, GregLiving with a hearing disability, as well as being shy, has always been a challenge for me and has affected my ability to communicate with others. With a difficulty in initiating conversation, I would instead stand back and observe how people around me acted and communicated with each other in hopes of learning how to converse like them. From this understanding, I began to devise ways that would allow initiating a conversation with my sculptures rather than becoming the conversation starter directly through voice. When I began my BFA studies in Fine Arts, I continued to look for ways to initiate conversations with those around me, attempting to bring others my way by sparking their interests in my artwork, rather than approaching them with words.Item Dance and Identity Politics in Caribbean Literature: Culture, Community, and Commemoration(2011-06-03) Tressler, Gretchen E.; Springer, Jennifer Thorington; Kubitschek, Missy Dehn; Shepherd, Susan CarolDance appears often in Anglophone Caribbean literature, usually when a character chooses to celebrate and emphasize her/his freedom from the physical, emotional, and societal constraints that normally keep the body in check. This study examines how a character's political consciousness often emerges in chorus with aesthetic bodily movement and analyzes the symbolic force and political significance of Caribbean dance--both celebratory (as in Carnival) and defensive (as in warrior dances). Furthermore, this study observes how the weight of Western views on dance influences Caribbean transmutations and translations of cultural behavior, ritual acts, and spontaneous movement. The novels studied include Samuel Selvon's "The Lonely Londoners" (1956), Earl Lovelace's "The Dragon Can't Dance" (1979), Paule Marshall's "Praisesong for the Widow" (1983), and Marie-Elena John's "Unburnable" (2006).Item The Effects of Job Characteristics on Citizenship Performance(2012-08-27) Cavanaugh, Caitlin Maureen; Hazer, John; Williams, Jane R.; Devine, Dennis J. (Dennis John)The study of job performance has been a high priority for organizational researchers and practitioners alike. Models of performance have acknowledged that it is affected by both individual differences and environmental factors and also that behaviors outside the job description, called citizenship performance, have value. Despite these acknowledgements, researchers have placed much more emphasis on understanding the influence of individual differences (rather than environmental characteristics) on citizenship performance. Counter to the emphasis on individual differences, the current study sought to evaluate the relationships between environmental characteristics and citizenship performance in the context of the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and to determine whether the relationships could be both theoretically and empirically understood. Additionally, the relative importance of the environmental variables in the JCM were evaluated and compared to well-known individual difference predictors of citizenship performance. Finally, the current study sought to provide initial evidence for different patterns of relationships between the JCM variables and the three facets of citizenship performance. Undergraduate students employed for at least 20 hours per week were recruited for participation (n = 379) in a cross-sectional study, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and regression. Generally, model tests revealed that the JCM as configured performed poorly, though the variables did predict citizenship performance. When job satisfaction was added as another mediator in the model, results were slightly better. Regarding incremental validity, JCM variables were able to explain variance above and beyond the individual difference variables, providing additional support for the importance of the environment in understanding behavior. One implication of this is that practitioners may be able to justify changes to the work environment in an effort to increase citizenship performance. Future research should continue to explore the environment’s effects on citizenship.Item Emotional Regulation in Surgery: Fostering Well-Being, Performance, and Leadership(Elsevier, 2022-09) Greenberg, Anya L.; Sullins, Veronica F.; Donahue, Timothy R.; Sundaram, Varuna M.; Saldinger, Pierre F.; Divino, Celia M.; Anton, Nicholas E.; Stefanidis, Dimitrios; Reilly, Linda M.; Egan, Richard J.; Beals, Col Kristen J.; Riall, Taylor S.; Duh, Quan-Yang; Mukhtar, Rita A.; Hirose, Kenzo; Lebares, Carter C.; Surgery, School of MedicineEmotional regulation is increasingly gaining acceptance as a means to improve well-being, performance, and leadership across high-stakes professions, representing innovation in thinking within the field of surgical education. As one part of a broader cognitive skill set that can be trained and honed, emotional regulation has a strong evidence base in high-stress, high-performance fields. Nevertheless, even as Program Directors and surgical educators have become increasingly aware of this data, with emerging evidence in the surgical education literature supporting efficacy, hurdles to sustainable implementation exist. In this white paper, we present evidence supporting the value of emotional regulation training in surgery and share case studies in order to illustrate practical steps for the development, adaptation, and implementation of emotional regulation curricula in three key developmental contexts: basic cognitive skills training, technical skills acquisition and performance, and preparation for independence. We focus on the practical aspects of each case to elucidate the challenges and opportunities of introducing and adopting a curricular innovation into surgical education. We propose an integrated curriculum consisting of all three applied contexts for emotional regulation skills and advocate for the dissemination of such a longitudinal curriculum on a national level.Item Enter Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 1589(Société Française Shakespeare, 2016-02-29) Bourus, Terri; Department of English, School of Liberal ArtsThis essay argues that Q1 Hamlet represents the earliest version of Shakespeare’s play, written in the late 1580s. The argument builds upon, and for the first time combines, evidence in Terri Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet: Print, Piracy and Performance (2014) and Zachary Lesser, Hamlet After Q1 (2015). It concentrates on differences between Q1 and the later, expanded, canonical texts of the play, specifically in relation to the age of Hamlet and the Queen. It emphasizes that Hamlet’s age crucially affects the age, sexuality, and political importance of his mother (an issue ignored by male critics). Hamlet’s age has been a factor in performances of the play from Burbage and Betterton in the seventeenth century to 2015 productions of Q1. Why then did Harold Jenkins in 1982 dismiss the importance of Hamlet’s age? To contextualize Jenkins’ dismissal (founded on the principles of both New Criticism and New Bibliography), this essay traces scholarship on the age difference back to the 1870s. It focuses particularly on the conflict between two influential texts: A. C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy (1904) and L.C. Knight’s “How Many Children Had Lady Macbeth?” (1933). It also calls attention to neglected details of Thomas Nashe’s 1589 allusion to “whole Hamlets of tragical speaches”: these point to Shakespeare as the author of the 1580s play, and also to specific details found in Q1 but not present in Belleforest’s story of Amleth in Histoires Tragiques.Item Exercise load monitoring: integrated approaches to advance the individualisation of exercise oncology(BMJ, 2021-08-30) Carter, Stephen J.; Baranauskas, Marissa N.; Ballinger, Tarah J.; Rogers, Laura Q.; Miller, Kathy D.; Nabhan, Dustin C.; Medicine, School of MedicineWhether slowing disease progression or combatting the ills of advancing age, the extensive utility of exercise training has contributed to the outright declaration by the American College of Sports Medicine that ‘exercise is medicine’. Consistent with general framework of adaptation, the advantages of exercise training are indiscriminate—benefitting even the most susceptible clinical populations. Still, the benefit of exercise training presupposes healthy adaptation wherein progressive overload matches sufficient recovery. Indeed, a difference exists between healthy adaptation and non-functional over-reaching (ie, when internal/external load exceeds recovery capacity)—a difference that may be blurred by cancer treatment and/or comorbidity. Recent advances in smartwatches make them ideally suited to non-invasively monitor the physiological stresses to exercise training. Resolving whether individuals are successfully adapting to exercise training via load monitoring bears clinical and practical relevance. While behaviour-change research aims to identify positive constructs of exercise adherence, further attention is needed to uncover how to optimise exercise prescription among cancer populations. Herein, we briefly discuss the constituents of exercise load monitoring, present examples of internal and external load and consider how such practices can be applied to cancer populations.Item I Am Here for You(2016) Fiandt, Emma; Giddings, AnitaI have always believed that art and life are one. Through the construction and performance of two characters that are fictionalized versions of myself, my work explores identity, gender, and the doubts and insecurities that make us human. This extended performance is my way of processing broad questions like: What makes us who we are? How do the politics of belonging effect our expressions of self? as well as very personal questions like Who am I? What do I want? What am I afraid of? Each of the relics, moments, experiences, objects, and interactions created in the process of performing represents a shift in how I understand myself, and also speaks to universal experiences like loneliness, self-doubt, and belonging.Item Mediating Accountability: How Nonprofit Funding Intermediaries Use Performance Measurement and Why It Matters for Governance(Taylor & Francis, 2010) Benjamin, Lehn M.Performance measurement has become an important tool for ensuring accountability in a governance environment, where addressing public problems often takes place outside the direct purview of government. Although a good deal of attention has been given to government’s use of performance measurement in these settings, either in contracting relationships or interorganizational networks, this paper argues that ensuring accountability in a governance environment requires greater attention to how nonstate actors, or the other principals, use performance measurement. This paper focuses on nonprofit funding intermediaries and their use of performance measurement. Nonprofit funding intermediaries gather funds from a range of public and private donors and regrant these monies to a defined set of local nonprofits. As such, they occupy somewhat unique positions in a web of actors all seeking to solve public problems. We offer a conceptual overview of intermediaries and then critically examine how three nonprofit funding intermediaries used performance measurement.