Browsing by Subject "Parenting"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 14
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    A One-year Longitudinal Study of the Stress, Sleep, and Parenting of Mothers of Toddlers
    (Elsevier, 2022) McQuillan, Maureen E.; Bates, John E.; Staples, Angela D.; Deater-Deckard, Kirby; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objectives: The present study, building on cross-sectional research showing links between mothers' sleep, stress, and parenting, used a longitudinal design to consider (1) the temporal direction of links between mothers' sleep and stress, (2) whether mother sleep deficits predict change in parenting across time, and (3) whether mother sleep deficits mediate the inverse association between stress and positive parenting. Design: The study used repeated measures of stress, mother sleep, and positive parenting at toddler ages 30, 36, and 42 months. Setting: Data were collected at 2 sites, one in the Midwest and one in the East. Participants: Four hundred thirteen mother-toddler pairs were followed. Mothers were mostly married, college educated, and middle class, but there was also considerable variability between families. Measurements: Stress was measured via parenting hassles, CHAOS, and role overload scales. Mother sleep was measured via actigraphy. Positive parenting was observed during the bedtime routine and rated using the HOME scale and other items. Results: Mother stress and sleep were inextricably linked across toddlerhood, and worse sleep was predictive of less observed positive parenting, even when controlling for prior levels of stress and parenting. Conclusions: Improving mothers' sleep may be important in efforts to improve their parenting.
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    A qualitative exploration of stakeholders' perspectives on the experiences, challenges, and needs of persons with serious mental illness as they consider finding a partner or becoming parent
    (Frontiers Media, 2023-01-11) Dubreucq, Marine; Lysaker, Paul H.; Dubreucq, Julien; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Background: While many persons with serious mental illness (SMI) consider intimate relationships and becoming parent as central parts of their lives deeply affecting wellbeing and recovery, others anticipate facing multiple challenges in these life domains. This qualitative study sought to explore the perspectives of persons with SMI and mental health providers (MHPs) with diverse backgrounds and practices on the experiences, challenges, needs and expectations of persons with SMI as they consider finding a partner or becoming parent. Methods: For this qualitative study, we conducted five focus groups between March and December 2020 for a total number of 22 participants (nine persons with SMI and thirteen MHPs) recruited from a center for psychiatric rehabilitation and a community mental health center in France. We used the inductive six-step process by Braun and Clarke for the thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported some challenges related to intimate relationships, stigma/self-stigma, disclosure and decision-making about start a family. Their expectations included: (i) psychoeducation about decision-making about finding a partner and starting a family; (ii) support in making empowered decisions about finding a partner, starting a family or disclosure to a prospective partner or their child; (iii) peer-support interventions; (iv) enhancing coping strategies; (v) integrated service provision including home treatment interventions, training to recovery-oriented practices and access to dedicated resources for providers. Conclusion: In short, intimate relationships and desire to start a family for persons with SMI should be more considered in psychiatric rehabilitation and additional support and interventions should therefore be provided.
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    The Direct and Indirect Influences of Parenting: The Facets of Time-Perspective and Impaired Control along the Alcohol-Related Problems Pathway
    (Taylor & Francis, 2019) Patock-Peckham, Julie A.; Walters, Kyle J.; Mehok, Lauren E.; Leeman, Robert F.; Ruof, Ariana K.; Filson Moses, Jennifer; Psychology, School of Science
    Background: Social Learning Theory suggests how one conceptualizes time will be passed from parent to child (Bandura & Walters, 1963). Through the lens of Behavioral Economics Theory (Vuchinich & Simpson, 1998), impaired control may be characterized as consuming alcohol as a form of immediate gratification as a choice over more distal rewards. Because impaired control reflects a self-regulation failure specific to the drinking situation, it may be directly related to time-perspectives. Objectives: This investigation explored whether or not the indirect influences of perceived parenting styles on alcohol use and related problems is mediated by both facets of time-perspective (e.g. hedonism, present-fatalism, future, past-positive, past-negative) and impaired control over drinking. Methods: We examined a structural equation model with 391 (207 women; 184 men) college student drinkers. We used an asymmetric bias-corrected bootstrap technique to conduct mediational analyses (MacKinnon, 2008). Results: Higher levels of past-positive time-perspective were indirectly linked to both less alcohol use and fewer alcohol-related problems through less impaired control. In contrast, higher levels of present-fatalism were indirectly linked to more alcohol use through more impaired control. Higher levels of father permissiveness and mother authoritarianism were indirectly linked to both more impaired control and alcohol use through more present-fatalism. In addition, higher levels of father authoritarianism were indirectly linked to more alcohol use through more hedonism. Conclusions/Implications: Our results support the notion that drinking beyond one’s self-prescribed limits is associated with time-perspectives related to negative aspects of the parent-offspring socialization process, such as fatalism.
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    Examining an In-Home Behavioral Parent Training Protocol Among Parents Who Use Substances Involved Child Welfare: Effectiveness of SafeCare
    (Sage, 2022) Moreland, Angela; Crum, Kathleen; Rostad, Whitney L.; Stefanescu, Andrei; Whitaker, Daniel; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Given the detrimental impact of substance use (SU) on both parent and child outcomes including child maltreatment, research and service efforts have focused on incorporating parenting resources into integrated SU treatment programs. While promising, it is imperative to examine and test parenting programs in a variety of settings. This study examined whether SU moderated the relationship between treatment condition and parenting outcomes among parents who participated in SafeCare, and parent ratings of engagement, service satisfaction, and perceived cultural competency of services. Results indicated that SU did not moderate the relationship between treatment condition and abuse potential, but did moderate this relationship for depression and parental distress such that parents with higher levels of SU reported less improvement in depression and parental distress. Results underscore that SU problems may impact the effectiveness of SC on specific risk factors, such as depression and parental distress, potentially indicating unique treatment needs and the need to adapt interventions to ensure treatment success. In addition, this study found that SafeCare was not found to be beneficial for parents with SU problems above and beyond the treatment as usual condition. Finally, results indicated that parents with SU concerns and without SU concerns engaged very similarly in SafeCare.
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    The Experiences of Latino Adolescent Mentees Growing-Up with a Single Mother and Mentoring Program Development: A Narrative Analysis Study
    (2020-08) Bishop, Christine Marie; Adamek, Margaret E.; Kyere, Eric; Mariscal, Susana; Seybold, Peter
    Latinos comprise the largest minority population in the United States. Research underscores the many positive effects that mentors can have on Latino adolescents who lack a male role model living in the home. Mentors can provide support and teach helpful skills that can be applied to multiple life domains needed throughout a person’s lifespan. There are many different types of mentoring services and styles available to adolescents. Yet, there are specific gaps and room for growth within the scholarly literature regarding Latino adolescents that need to be addressed. Shining light and allowing their narratives to be heard and understood in greater depth can promote more effective mentoring programs for Latino adolescents. A qualitative study was conducted using Narrative Analysis involving face-to-face interviews with Latino male adolescents who have lived with a single mother and were participating in a mentoring program. The aim of this study was to obtain valuable first-hand insight and recommendations with regard to adolescents’ experiences regarding the absence of a male role model at home, their participation in mentoring services, as well as their recommendations for improving mentoring programs for Latino adolescents. Key findings included the many benefits that stem from the mentees being involved in their mentoring program, the importance of the mentees’ mothers and other positive supports in their lives, as well as the mentees’ helpful recommendations for their mentoring program.
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    Health Correlates of Abuse History and Moderating Effect of Parenting Stress for Mothers with Mental Disorders
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021) Williams, Jessica R.; McCabe, Brian E.; de Tantillo, Lila; Levoy, Kristin; Behar-Zusman, Victoria; School of Nursing
    Parenting stress is common and may lead to worsening health, particularly in the context of other risk factors such as mental disorders or a history of abuse. This study investigated how parenting-related stress impacts the effect of abuse experiences on health among mothers with mental health disorders. Survey data was analyzed from 172 predominantly Hispanic mothers receiving outpatient behavioral health services. Most (80.2%) mothers had experienced abuse. Those reporting childhood abuse had 3.82 greater odds of experiencing abuse in adulthood. Findings demonstrated worse health outcomes among those experiencing abuse in both childhood and adulthood and those with a greater number of abuse experiences. Caregiving load intensified the relationship between abuse and anxiety and sleep disturbance. Parenting self-agency intensified the relationship between abuse and cigarette use. These findings have important implications for mental health nursing practice by identifying parenting-stress as an important target for interventions to improve health among women with histories of abuse and mental health disorders.
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    Latino immigrant parents of adolescents: Need for parenting support
    (2014) Bigatti, Silvia; Diaz, Virna; Conrad, Katrina; Weathers, Tess; Mirabal, Magdy
    Statement of problem: Latino immigrants in Indianapolis report difficulties parenting their adolescents, meanwhile higher rates of suicide attempts among Latino adolescents have been documented. Relevance: Successful transition through adolescence leads to family and individual well-being. This is especially important for families dealing with the stress of migration and acculturation. Methods: As part of a larger study to identify predictors of Latino adolescent depression, the community partner recruited adolescents and their parents from the population they serve. While the adolescents completed survey instruments, parents (roughly 100) participated in focus groups (n = 8) at various locations around the metropolitan area. One community partner and one academic partner ran the focus groups jointly, asking parents about their concerns regarding parenting and their children. Results: Parents reported problematic behaviors in their children, including aggression, isolation, and cutting. Several themes emerged, with two highlighted here: 1) an understanding that depression and anxiety explained some of the more extreme adolescent behaviors, and 2) a concern that their children would lose their identity and acculturate so much that they would disconnect from the family and its values. Parents reported need for parenting resources to help them navigate the adolescent years. Conclusions: It is challenging to parent adolescents, especially those who have the additional burden of straddling two very distinct cultures. When the parents themselves are adjusting to the new culture it is even more difficult. Culturally-tailored parenting guidance is desired by this Latino community and is likely to improve family functioning and adolescent adjustment.
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    Mapping Pathways by which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use
    (Springer, 2021) Kuo, Sally I-Chun; Salvatore, Jessica E.; Barr, Peter B.; Aliev, Fazil; Anokhin, Andrey; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Chan, Grace; Edenberg, Howard J.; Hesselbrock, Victor; Kamarajan, Chella; Kramer, John R.; Lai, Dongbing; Mallard, Travis T.; Nurnberger, John I., Jr.; Pandey, Gayathri; Plawecki, Martin H.; Sanchez-Roige, Sandra; Waldman, Irwin; Palmer, Abraham A.; Externalizing Consortium; Dick, Danielle M.; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine
    Genetic predispositions and environmental influences both play an important role in adolescent externalizing behavior; however, they are not always independent. To elucidate gene-environment interplay, we examined the interrelationships between externalizing polygenic risk scores, parental knowledge, and peer substance use in impacting adolescent externalizing behavior across two time-points in a high-risk longitudinal sample of 1,200 adolescents (764 European and 436 African ancestry; Mage = 12.99) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Results from multivariate path analysis indicated that externalizing polygenic scores were directly associated with adolescent externalizing behavior but also indirectly via peer substance use, in the European ancestry sample. No significant polygenic association nor indirect effects of genetic risk were observed in the African ancestry group, likely due to more limited power. Our findings underscore the importance of gene-environment interplay and suggest peer substance use may be a mechanism through which genetic risk influences adolescent externalizing behavior.
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    Parenthood and severe mental illness: Relationships with recovery
    (American Psychological Association, 2014-01-09) Bonfils, Kelsey A.; Adams, Erin L.; Firmin, Ruth L.; White, Laura M.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Department of Psychology, School of Science
    Objective Parenting is an important life domain for many people, but little research examines the parenting experience and its role in recovery for those with a severe mental illness. The current study provides preliminary evidence of how these concepts are related in a sample of individuals living with severe mental illness attending a community mental health center. We also explored potential differences between mothers and fathers, which could help better tailor services to meet the needs of parents with severe mental illness. Methods Data were obtained during baseline interviews for a study testing an intervention designed to increase shared decision-making in psychiatric treatment. Participants (N = 167) were administered measures of patient activation, recovery, autonomy preference, hope, and trust in providers. We compared parents and non-parents and compared mothers and fathers using chi-square, t-tests, and, where appropriate, analysis of covariance. Results Parents had a significantly higher level of trust in their psychiatric care provider than non-parents. Contrary to hypotheses, parents were less active in their treatment and preferred less information-seeking autonomy than did non-parents, but did not differ on other recovery-related indices. No differences on recovery-related indices were detected between mothers and fathers. Secondary analyses revealed parents with minor children had more hope than parents of older children. Conclusions and Implications for Practice Although parents may have higher levels of trust in their physicians, our preliminary findings suggest that parents with severe mental illness may benefit from increased efforts to help them be more active and interested in information about their illnesses.
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    Parents Served by Assertive Community Treatment: A Needs Based Assessment
    (2013-08-29) White, Laura Morgan; McGrew, John H., 1953-; Salyers, Michelle P.; Rollins, Angela; Hazer, John
    Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) represents an effective treatment for individuals with severe mental illness. Though studies estimate that as many as half of all people with severe mental illness are parents, little is known about consumers receiving ACT services who are parents. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to 1) estimate the prevalence of parent ACT consumers, 2) identify current ACT team policies and practices for treating parent consumers, and 3) examine the perspective of parent consumers served by ACT teams. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed via two separate studies. In study 1, eighty-two ACT providers from 76 teams across the United States and Canada were surveyed to determine the prevalence of parent ACT consumers, ACT team policies for identifying the parental status of consumers, treatment services available for parent consumers, and provider attitudes about parent consumers. Providers estimated roughly 21.6% of ACT consumers were parents. Less than half of providers (46.3%) reported formally asking about parental status during intake and only 20.7% providers belonged to ACT teams that provide special programs/services designed for parent consumers. The majority of providers (75.6%) reported negative or mixed attitudes about parents with severe mental illness. In study 2, seventeen parents with severe mental illness being served by ACT teams were interviewed about parenting, the relationship between parenting and severe mental illness, parenting needs, and suggestions for improved treatment services for parents. All parents were able to identify at least one positive aspect of parenting and most parents (76.5%) also identified negative aspects of parenting. Loss of custody emerged as a significant parenting problem, with the majority of parents (88.2%) experiencing loss of custody at least once. Given the difficulties of being a parent and having to manage a severe mental illness, parents expressed interest in several parent-focused treatment services, including family therapy, parenting skills, communication skills training, resources/finances for children, and social support groups with peers. When asked about overall satisfaction with ACT services, most participants with adult children (87.5%) reported having no unmet parent-related needs and high satisfaction (4.63 out of 5) with ACT services, whereas parents with young children (77.8%) reported having numerous unmet parenting needs and low satisfaction (3.78 out of 5) with ACT services. Thus, the age of participants’ children was a significant factor, indicating that the ACT treatment model may not be adequately serving parents of young, dependent children. Overall, findings suggest the need for more attention and focus on parent consumers, including formal identification of consumers’ parental status and improved parent-related treatment services and support