Browsing by Subject "Paper spray mass spectrometry"

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    Development Of Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Cartridges With Solid Phase Extraction For Drug Screening Applications
    (2024-12) Jakstonyte Ren, Greta ; Manicke, Nicholas; Goodpaster, John; Naumann, Christoph; Deiss, Frédérique
    The rise in overdoses, especially due to synthetic drugs like fentanyl has demonstrated a need for a rapid and simple drug detection method. This work describes the development and optimization of a paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) with integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges that can detect a wide range of drugs in plasma and whole blood The results can be obtained providing results in under five minutes with minimal sample preparation. The method is highly adaptable, allowing for rapid response to new emerging drugs. The initial focus on synthetic cannabinoids demonstrated sub-0.1 ng/mL detection limits for eight compounds in 100 µL of plasma. This work was expanded to screen thirty-five analytes from drug classes including fentanyl analogs, cathinones, benzodiazepines, and traditional illicit drugs. Validated according to SWGTOX guidelines, all drugs were detected in low ng/mL ranges. A streamlined data analysis method was also developed using a decision tree algorithm and an in-house library of nearly 200 compounds. This enabled retrospective analysis and detection of emerging drugs, such as 4F-MDMB-BINACA and brorphine, from previous samples. In a study of 400 authentic overdose plasma samples, 102 unique drugs were identified, mostly fentanyl-related. To further simplify the process, an "all-in-one" SPE cartridge was developed for whole blood, effectively pre-concentrating over 20 drugs of abuse. This device showed single and sub-ng/mL detection limits in 70 µL of blood. Samples were stable for 14 days, demonstrating the system’s potential for rapid, practical applications in forensic and clinical settings.
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    Paper Spray-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Pressure Sensitive Adhesive-Based Collection for the Recovery and Detection of Drugs of Abuse
    (2023-08) Prunty, Sarah G.; Manicke, Nicholas; Goodpaster, John; McKenna, Josiah
    Illicit drug abuse is a widespread issue in the United States and worldwide. Many methods seek to ease the analytical workload required to collect, analyze, and identify these drugs. Paper spray-mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is one response to this analytical workload as it offers a rapid, affordable, and simple means for drug identification by mass spectrometry. This work centers on the use of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) lined paper as a PS-MS substrate for drug recovery and detection. The use of PSA paper as a sampling and analysis substrate has been previously established but is expanded herein with new capabilities and applications. Chapter 2 introduces the combination of color tests followed by PS-MS for presumptive and confirmatory drug identification. Three color tests (cobalt thiocyanate, Simon, or Marquis) were performed on the PSA paper with subsequent drug confirmation occurring by PS-MS. Chapter 3 examines the use of PSA paper and PS-MS for the recovery and detection of fentanyl, fentanyl precursors, and analogs from shipping-related surfaces and in the presence of high amounts of cutting agents. The use of a cartridge that accommodates a full-sized PSA paper ticket was also explored for drug detection. Chapter 4 assesses PS-MS with PSA paper on portable MS instrumentation. Analyte recovery and carryover as well as instrument robustness were evaluated. The color test and PS-MS protocol examined in Chapter 2 was also successfully applied to a portable MS instrument. Application of PS-MS to the portable system highlights the potential fieldability of the technique.