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Browsing by Subject "Orphans"
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Item Children orphaned by COVID-19: A grim picture and the need of urgent actions(Elsevier, 2022) Chu, Dinh-Toi; Thi, Hue Vu; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A.; Medicine, School of MedicineThe COVID-19 had caused as a global pandemic and resulted in enormous burdens. In addition, faced with the proliferation of SARS-CoV 2 variant strains, this pandemic is continuing unremitting. The world seemed to focus primarily on middle-aged and elderly deaths, however the interest of the impact of COVID-19 on children is limited. Scientists have estimated that orphanhood and caregiver death related to COVID-19 had increased twice in the last six months compared with the first 14 months of the pandemic. Orphans face directly the health consequences.Item Physical and sexual abuse in orphaned compared to non-orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis(Elsevier B.V., 2014-02) Nichols, J.; Embleton, L.; Mwangi, A.; Morantz, G.; Vreeman, R.; Ayaya, S.; Ayuku, D.; Braitstein, P.; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineThis systematic review assessed the quantitative literature to determine whether orphans are more likely to experience physical and/or sexual abuse compared to non-orphans in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It also evaluated the quality of evidence and identified research gaps. Our search identified 10 studies, all published after 2005, from Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya and Uganda. The studies consisted of a total 17,336 participants (51% female and 58% non-orphans). Of those classified as orphans (n = 7,315), 73% were single orphans, and 27% were double orphans. The majority of single orphans were paternal orphans (74%). Quality assessment revealed significant variability in the quality of the studies, although most scored higher for general design than dimensions specific to the domain of orphans and abuse. Combined estimates of data suggested that, compared to non-orphans, orphans are not more likely to experience physical abuse (combined OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.79, 1.16]) or sexual abuse (combined OR = 1.25, 95% CI [0.88, 1.78]). These data suggest that orphans are not systematically at higher risk of experiencing physical or sexual abuse compared to non-orphans in sub-Saharan Africa. However, because of inconsistent quality of data and reporting, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Several recommendations are made for improving data quality and reporting consistency on this important issue.Item Some Families as Factors in Anti-Social Conditions(Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923) Butler, Amos W.Item A tale of two orphanages: charity in nineteenth-century Indianapolis(2018-05) Engle, Emily Anne; Morgan, Anita; Badertscher, Katherine; Robertson, Nancy Marie, 1956-This thesis studies the way Indianapolis women and men from the 1820s to 1890s influenced the social development of the city through the creation and operation of benevolent institutions. Before the Civil War, Indianapolis citizens created benevolent institutions to aid individuals who could not care for themselves—specifically, individuals with physical and mental needs. When the city’s population drastically increased following the Civil War (and the emergence of railroads), Indianapolis citizens began founding benevolent organizations intended to shape certain behaviors/control specific societal problems—specifically, juvenile offenders and prostitution. A study of two Indianapolis orphanages reveals that some Indianapolis citizens established childcare institutions to care for individuals who could not care for themselves (i.e., dependent children) while other individuals created childcare institutions in attempts to control how children were raised. Founded in 1849 by white, Protestant Indianapolis women, the Widows and Orphans Friends’ Society (WOFS) subscribed to the belief that poor children should be raised away from the influence of their parents in orderly environments so they would grow into productive, contributing members of society. Established in 1870 by Quaker women, the Indianapolis Asylum for Friendless Colored Children (IAFCC) did not subscribe to this belief. Rather, African American parents used the IAFCC as a means of temporary childcare during a family crisis. The rich records left behind by the WOFS and the IAFCC allow for a study of these organizations’ founding, finances, and operations. This thesis concludes that African American parents had more agency with the Quaker-run IAFCC than white parents had with the WOFS.