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Item Attributes of Organic Phosphorus Exported from a Central Indiana Agricultural Watershed: Effects of Season and Hydrologic Flowpath(2023-05) Pitcock, Rebecca Jo; Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre; Filippelli, Gabriel; Wang, LixinThe export of phosphorus (P) from agricultural watersheds has been extensively investigated but monitoring efforts have generally focused on inorganic P (Pi or soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP]), the P fraction thought to be immediately available to algae. However, in settings where no-till management is implemented and organic matter accumulates on soil surface, the amount of organic P (Po) in agricultural drainage waters can be significant and may represent another important P source to fuel algal growth in receiving water bodies. From a 2018 monitoring study at a Central Indiana agricultural watershed, measured total P and SRP loss amounted to 1.22 and 0.17 kg P/ha/year, respectively, indicating that the bulk (84%) of P exported from that watershed was in organic form. Results also showed that tile drainage was the main pathway for P transport (96% of Po loss). In light of these observations, the bioavailability of Po in agricultural drainage waters was investigated in 2019, and the effect of hydrologic flow path (surface versus subsurface flow) on the biochemical attributes of Po was examined. In these assessments, the iron strip method and a suite of enzymatic assays were used to gain a better understanding of the chemical composition of the exported Po. Higher concentration of labile Po was consistently measured in tile discharge than in surface runoff (59% versus 38% of the total bioavailable P). Further, the concentration of EHP (enzymatically hydrolysable P), in the form of monoester, diester, and phytate compounds, was highest during the summer season, for both tile and surface pathways. This elevated bioavailability of Po during the summer is a concern because, in combination with favorable water temperature and solar radiation during that period, this could lead to enhanced Po mineralization and release of Pi, resulting in further algal proliferation and continued degradation of water quality. Considering the high prevalence of tile drainage in agricultural landscapes of the US Midwest, this finding underscores the need for further investigation of the impact of land management and climate on the speciation and bioavailability of Po in the region’s agricultural waters.Item Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on earth abundant 2D Mo2C and Ti3C2 MXenes(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020) Attanayake, Nuwan H.; Banjade, Huta R.; Thenuwara, Akila C.; Anasori, Babak; Yan, Qimin; Strongin, Daniel R.; Engineering Technology, School of Engineering and TechnologyMo2C and Ti3C2 MXenes were investigated as earth-abundant electrocatalyts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Mo2C and Ti3C2 exhibited faradaic efficiencies of 90% (250 mV overpotential) and 65% (650 mV overpotential), respectively, for the reduction of CO2 to CO in acetonitrile using an ionic liquid electrolyte. The use of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as an electrolyte in organic solvent suppressed the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the catalytic active sites are oxygen vacancy sites on both MXene surfaces. Also, a spontaneous dissociation of adsorbed COOH species to a water molecule and adsorbed CO on Mo2C promote the CO2RR.Item Nanoparticle-Based Treatment Approaches for Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review(MDPI, 2023-07-25) Diaz, Michael Joseph; Natarelli, Nicole; Aflatooni, Shaliz; Aleman, Sarah J.; Neelam, Sphurti; Tran, Jasmine Thuy; Taneja, Kamil; Lucke-Wold, Brandon; Forouzandeh, Mahtab; Medicine, School of MedicineNanoparticles have shown marked promise as both antineoplastic agents and drug carriers. Despite strides made in immunomodulation, low success rates and toxicity remain limitations within the clinical oncology setting. In the present review, we assess advances in drug delivery nanoparticles, for systemic and topical use, in skin cancer treatment. A systematic review of controlled trials, meta-analyses, and Cochrane review articles was conducted. Eligibility criteria included: (1) a primary focus on nanoparticle utility for skin cancer; (2) available metrics on prevention and treatment outcomes; (3) detailed subject population; (4) English language; (5) archived as full-text journal articles. A total of 43 articles were selected for review. Qualitative analysis revealed that nanoscale systems demonstrate significant antineoplastic and anti-metastasis properties: increased drug bioavailability, reduced toxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as tumor growth inhibition, among others. Nanoformulations for skin cancers have largely lagged behind those tested in other cancers–several of which have commercialized formulae. However, emerging evidence has indicated a powerful role for these carriers in targeting primary and metastatic skin cancers.Item Unattached(2015) Connelly, Carly; Hull, GregI am anxiously aware of human vulnerability; the brevity of living and the impermanence of the present. There is a prism of experience in the complexity of life and death through which my work is influenced. Nothing is a direct reproduction of reality but rather, a reformed, reshaped and restored version of its past. My work imitates subconscious fears, passions, and relationships with a world that provides both destruction and renewal; the dichotomy of pain and pleasure in life in many ways informs the understanding of self and identity - but it does not define it. The work blurs between reality and fantasy, exposure and repression, surface and structure, eternity and the ephemeral. I transform materials and blend processes to create mixed media sculptures and installations that respond to space, form, and compositional relationships that re-examine my own existence and serves as a self-portrait.