Browsing by Subject "Nucleotide excision repair (NER)"

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    Effect of eIF3a on response of lung cancer patients to platinum-based chemotherapy by regulating DNA repair
    (American Association for Cancer Research, 2011) Yin, Ji-Ye; Shen, Jie; Dong, Zi-Zheng; Huang, Qiong; Zhong, Mei-Zuo; Feng, De-Yun; Zhou, Hong-Hao; Zhang, Jian-Ting; Liu, Zhao-Qian; Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine
    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that eIF3a may regulate the expression of DNA repair proteins which, in turn, affects response of lung cancer patients to treatments by DNA-damaging anticancer drugs. Experimental design: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of eIF3a in 211 human lung cancer tissues followed by association analysis of eIF3a expression with patient's response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Ectopic overexpression and RNA interference knockdown of eIF3a were carried out in NIH3T3 and H1299 cell lines, respectively, to determine the effect of altered eIF3a expression on cellular response to cisplatin, doxorubicine, etoposide (VP-16), vincristine, and vinblastine by using MTT assay. The DNA repair capacity of these cells was evaluated by using host-cell reactivation assay. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western Blot analyses were carried out to determine the effect of eIF3a on the DNA repair genes by using cells with altered eIF3a expression. Results: eIF3a expression associates with response of lung cancer patients to platinum-based chemotherapy. eIF3a knockdown or overexpression, respectively, increased and decreased the cellular resistance to cisplatin and anthrocycline anticancer drugs, DNA repair activity, and expression of DNA repair proteins. Conclusions: eIF3a plays an important role in regulating the expression of DNA repair proteins which, in turn, contributes to cellular response to DNA-damaging anticancer drugs and patients' response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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    Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C (XPC): Emerging Roles in Non-Dermatologic Malignancies
    (Frontiers Media, 2022-04-21) Nasrallah, Nawar Al; Wiese, Benjamin M.; Sears, Catherine R.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is a DNA damage recognition protein essential for initiation of global-genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). Humans carrying germline mutations in the XPC gene exhibit strong susceptibility to skin cancer due to defective removal via GG-NER of genotoxic, solar UV-induced dipyrimidine photoproducts. However, XPC is increasingly recognized as important for protection against non-dermatologic cancers, not only through its role in GG-NER, but also by participating in other DNA repair pathways, in the DNA damage response and in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, XPC expression levels and polymorphisms likely impact development and may serve as predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in a number of these non-dermatologic cancers. Here we review the existing literature, focusing on the role of XPC in non-dermatologic cancer development, progression, and treatment response, and highlight possible future applications of XPC as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker.