Browsing by Subject "Neoadjuvant"

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    Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
    (Dovepress, 2021-06-28) Shukla, Nikhil; Hanna, Nasser; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Surgery or concurrent chemoradiation are standard of care treatments for patients with localized and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While resection and chemoradiation are potentially curative therapies for early-stage disease, relapse rates remain high. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves cure rates 5–15% compared with surgery alone for patients with resectable disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have heralded a new era for the treatment of advanced NSCLC with one-third of patients experiencing long-term survival. There is increasing interest in examining the role of ICI therapy in patients with early-stage NSCLC. Consolidation durvalumab after chemoradiation has become a part of standard of care for patients with inoperable, locally advanced disease. More recently, there is emerging evidence that neoadjuvant treatment with ICIs results in substantial rates of major pathologic response and pathologic complete response, and high rates of R0 resection with no significant delay in time to surgery. Furthermore, preliminary data show that adjuvant treatment with ICIs after adjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free survival and may play a critical role in reducing disease recurrence in patients with resectable disease. In this review, we discuss recently reported and ongoing studies that are designed to define the role of immunotherapy in patients with non-metastatic NSCLC.
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    Update on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer, including recommendations to assess TILs in residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy and in carcinoma in situ: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer
    (Elsevier, 2017-10-09) Dieci, Maria Vittoria; Radosevic-Robin, Nina; Fineberg, Susan; van den Eynden, Gert; Ternes, Nils; Penault-Llorca, Frederique; Pruneri, Giancarlo; D’Alfonso, Timothy M.; Demaria, Sandra; Castaneda, Carlos; Sanchez, Joselyn; Badve, Sunil; Michiels, Stefan; Bossuyt, Veerle; Rojo, Federico; Singh, Baljit; Nielsen, Torsten; Viale, Giuseppe; Kim, Seong-Rim; Hewitt, Stephen; Wienert, Stephan; Loibl, Sybille; Rimm, David; Symmans, Fraser; Denkert, Carsten; Adams, Sylvia; Loi, Sherene; Salgado, Roberto; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Morphological evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is gaining momentum as evidence strengthens the clinical relevance of this immunological biomarker. TILs in the post-neoadjuvant residual disease setting are acquiring increasing importance as a stratifying marker in clinical trials, considering the raising interest on immunotherapeutic strategies after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. TILs in ductal carcinoma in situ, with or without invasive carcinoma, represent an emerging area of clinical breast cancer research. The aim of this report is to update pathologists, clinicians and researchers on TIL assessment in both the post-neoadjuvant residual disease and the ductal carcinoma in situ settings. The International Immuno-Oncology Working Group proposes a method for assessing TILs in these settings, based on the previously published International Guidelines on TIL Assessment in Breast Cancer. In this regard, these recommendations represent a consensus guidance for pathologists, aimed to achieve the highest possible consistency among future studies.