Browsing by Subject "Music"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 14
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    Access to Knowledge in Brazil: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development
    (Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) Shaver, Lea
    Access to knowledge is a demand for democratic participation, for global inclusion and for economic justice. It is a reaction to the excessively restrictive international IP regime put in place over the last two decades, which seeks to reassert the public interest in a more balanced information policy. With sponsorship from the Ford Foundation, the Information Society Project at Yale Law School has embarked on a new series of access to knowledge research, in partnership with colleagues in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Russia and South Africa. The first book in this series, Access to Knowledge in Brazil, focuses on current issues in intellectual property, innovation and development policy from a Brazilian perspective. Each chapter is authored by scholars from the Fundação Getulio Vargas law schools in São Paolo and Rio de Janeiro and examines a policy area that significantly impacts access to knowledge in the country. These include: exceptions and limitations to copyright, free software and open business models, patent reform and access to medicines, and open innovation in the biotechnology sector.
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    Access to Knowledge in Egypt: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development
    (Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) Shaver, Lea; Rizk, Nagla
    The conventional wisdom in Egypt examines the issue of intellectual property solely as a question of policing and enforcement. The high levels of protection indicated by the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights are unquestioningly assumed to be desirable. Policy debates - and all too often academic ones as well - focus only on the questions of how to more efficiently tighten IP protection and crack down on piracy. Yet a more critical examination is urgently needed, whereby IP law, policy, and practice are viewed from a development perspective, rather than from an enforcement perspective. This volume takes on this endeavor. It offers the first examination of IP issues in Egypt adopting a multidisciplinary bottom-up approach that aims at maximizing access and contribution to knowledge, and in turn, promoting development. Bringing rigorous empirical research to bear on unquestioned ideologies, the collaborating authors question the conventional wisdom that more IP protection is necessarily better for innovation and development.
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    Creating a Conversation
    (2016) Jacob, Andrew; Hull, Greg
    Living with a hearing disability, as well as being shy, has always been a challenge for me and has affected my ability to communicate with others. With a difficulty in initiating conversation, I would instead stand back and observe how people around me acted and communicated with each other in hopes of learning how to converse like them. From this understanding, I began to devise ways that would allow initiating a conversation with my sculptures rather than becoming the conversation starter directly through voice. When I began my BFA studies in Fine Arts, I continued to look for ways to initiate conversations with those around me, attempting to bring others my way by sparking their interests in my artwork, rather than approaching them with words.
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    Decreasing Delirium through Music (DDM) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
    (BMC, 2017-11-29) Khan, Sikandar H.; Wang, Sophia; Harrawood, Amanda; Martinez, Stephanie; Heiderscheit, Annie; Chlan, Linda; Perkins, Anthony J.; Tu, Wanzhu; Boustani, Malaz; Khan, Babar; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background Delirium is a highly prevalent and morbid syndrome in intensive care units (ICUs). Changing the stressful environment within the ICU via music may be an effective and a scalable way to reduce the burden of delirium. Methods/design The Decreasing Delirium through Music (DDM) study is a three-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled feasibility trial., Sixty patients admitted to the ICU with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation will be randomized to one of three arms (20 participants per arm): (1) personalized music, (2) non-personalized relaxing music, or (3) attention-control. Music preferences will be obtained from all enrolled participants or their family caregivers. Participants will receive two 1-h audio sessions a day through noise-cancelling headphones and mp3 players. Our primary aim is to determine the feasibility of the trial design (recruitment, adherence, participant retention, design and delivery of the music intervention). Our secondary aim is to estimate the potential effect size of patient-preferred music listening in reducing delirium, as measured by the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Participants will receive twice daily assessments for level of sedation and presence of delirium. Enrolled participants will be followed in the hospital until death, discharge, or up to 28 days, and seen in the Critical Care Recovery Clinic at 90 days. Discussion DDM is a feasibility trial to provide personalized and non-personalized music interventions for critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Our trial will also estimate the preliminary efficacy of music interventions on reducing delirium incidence and severity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03095443. Registered on 23 March 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2324-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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    Decreasing delirium through music listening (DDM) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated older adults in the intensive care unit: a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial
    (BMC, 2022-07-19) Seyffert, Sarah; Moiz, Salwa; Coghlan, Matthew; Balozian, Patil; Nasser, Jason; Rached, Emilio Abi; Jamil, Yasser; Naqvi, Kiran; Rawlings, Lori; Perkins, Anthony J.; Gao, Sujuan; Hunter, J. Downs, III.; Khan, Sikandar; Heiderscheit, Annie; Chlan, Linda L.; Khan, Babar; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Delirium is a highly prevalent and morbid syndrome in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Music is a promising non-pharmacological intervention with beneficial effects on anxiety and stress, while its effects on delirium duration and severity are not well understood. Methods/design: Our study is a two-arm, randomized parallel-group, clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of music intervention compared to a silence-track attention control on delirium/coma duration in mechanically ventilated critically ill older adults. One hundred sixty mechanically ventilated adults 50 years of age or older will be randomized to one of two arms within 72 h of ICU admission: (1) 1-h music listening sessions twice daily through noise-canceling headphones, or (2) 1-h sessions of a silence track twice daily through noise-canceling headphones. Our primary aim is to compare delirium/coma-free days after randomization during the 7-day study intervention phase using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM ICU) and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) for delirium and coma. Secondary outcomes include pain and anxiety evaluated twice daily during the intervention phase and throughout the duration of ICU stay using the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and visual analog scale-anxiety (VAS-A). Enrolled participants will be followed after hospital discharge to further measure cognition as well as screening for depression and anxiety using the following telephone-based instruments: Indiana University Telephone-Based Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (IU TBANS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Discussion: This randomized clinical trial will measure the efficacy of a music listening intervention for delirium and coma duration early in the intensive care unit among older adults.
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    The effect of music on body sway when standing in a moving virtual environment
    (PLOS, 2021-09-28) Dent, Shaquitta; Burger, Kelley; Stevens, Skyler; Smith, Benjamin D.; Streepey, Jefferson W.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Movement of the visual environment presented through virtual reality (VR) has been shown to invoke postural adjustments measured by increased body sway. The effect of auditory information on body sway seems to be dependent on context with sounds such as white noise, tones, and music being used to amplify or suppress sway. This study aims to show that music manipulated to match VR motion further increases body sway. Twenty-eight subjects stood on a force plate and experienced combinations of 3 visual conditions (VR translation in the AP direction at 0.1 Hz, no translation, and eyes closed) and 4 music conditions (Mozart's Jupiter Symphony modified to scale volume at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz, unmodified music, and no music) Body sway was assessed by measuring center of pressure (COP) velocities and RMS. Cross-coherence between the body sway and the 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz stimuli was also determined. VR translations at 0.1 Hz matched with 0.1Hz shifts in music volume did not lead to more body sway than observed in the no music and unmodified music conditions. Researchers and clinicians may consider manipulating sound to enhance VR induced body sway, but findings from this study would not suggest using volume to do so.
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    The Effect of Music on Body Sway When Standing in a Moving Virtual Environment
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Ladapo, Mosopefoluwa; Streepey, Jake; Smith, Benjamin
    Movement of the visual surrounding using virtual reality (VR) is an established tool for testing body sway for clinical and research purposes. There are, however, no conclusive studies showing the effects music can have on body sway especially if it is heard in conjunction with a shifting visual surrounding. For this study subjects stood quietly with their eyes closed, with their eyes open, and with their eyes open as they viewed a VR environment translating forward and backward at 0.1 Hz. In addition to these visual conditions, they simultaneously experienced “no sound” and music conditions. The music conditions consisted of their hearing a section of Mozart’s Jupiter and a section of the subjects’ self-selected popular music played normally and also modified so that the loudness and frequency shifted in sync with the VR movement. Body sway was assessed through analysis of center of pressure movement (COP) recorded with force plate, a commonly used device for assessing balance. To date, we have analyzed the body sway of one subject and have found, for that subject, that the addition music enhanced the effect of the translating scene on body sway as measured by increased COP variability, velocity, and a shift in median COP frequency. For this subject, however, it did not appear neither to make a difference whether the subject heard Mozart’s Jupiter or listened to their own self-selected music nor whether the music’s frequency or loudness was synced to the movement of the scene. Should these findings hold with further body sway analysis of more subjects, they would be of interest to clinicians and researchers examining the impact of sound on balance as well as to video game and computer graphics designers looking to create more immersive VR environments.
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    Effects of Music Enrichment on Individually Housed Male New Zealand White Rabbits
    (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2018-10-25) Peveler, Jessica L.; Hickman, Debra L.; Laboratory Animal Resources, IU School of Medicine
    The beneficial effect of music has been demonstrated in many species. Although commercially available music CDs intended for use with rabbits are available, these enrichments have not been critically evaluated to determine whether they reduce distress. In this study, we used an aging colony of male rabbits to evaluate how the provision of music enrichment affected the wellbeing of the colony. After 6 mo of music enrichment, the rabbits in the colony demonstrated a significant decrease in fecal cortisol, suggesting that their stress was reduced. Six months after removal of the music enrichment, the rabbits demonstrated a significant increase in fecal cortisol and the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, suggesting that they werestressed. These findings suggest that music enrichment with a commercially available music discs for rabbits can be used toimprove the wellbeing of animals used in biomedical research.
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    Effects of music intervention on inflammatory markers in critically ill and post-operative patients: A systematic review of the literature
    (Elsevier, 2018) Khan, Sikandar H.; Kitsis, Michelle; Golovyan, Dmitriy; Wang, Sophia; Chlan, Linda L.; Boustani, Malaz; Khan, Babar A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Music listening has been shown to reduce anxiety, stress, and patient tolerance of procedures. Music may also have beneficial effects on inflammatory biomarkers in intensive care and post-operative patients, but the quality of evidence is not clear. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects of music on inflammatory biomarkers in intensive care, and post-operative patients. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed. After screening 1570 references, full text review of 26 studies was performed. Fourteen studies were selected for inclusion. RESULTS: Seven studies showed a significant decrease in cortisol levels, but the level of evidence was low. Three studies had low risk of methodological bias, while 11 studies had high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Music intervention may decrease cortisol levels, but other biomarkers remain unchanged. Given the low level of evidence, further research on music effects on inflammatory biomarkers is needed.
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    MuSciQ- A Musical Curriculum for Math
    (2022-12) Tyson, Alan Blain II; Burns, Debra S.; Hsu, Timothy; Walzer, Daniel; Morton, Crystal; Sorge, Brandon
    Music and math are related in that 1) they both rely on the basic understanding of numbers, proportions, intervals, measurements, and operations and 2) both require levels of abstract thinking and symbolic notation. Studies link music and math by examining, for example, how music may play a role in math performance. There are, however, few studies that examine how a musical curriculum may impact not only math performance, but math related variables including math anxiety, math self-efficacy, and math motivation. This study sought to develop and assess the feasibility of MuSciQ, a music technology-based curriculum, and explore how it might impact math anxiety, math selfefficacy, math motivation, and math performance in twelve fourth-grade students. Additionally, acceptability of the MuSciQ curriculum was assessed by students, a teacher, and a school administrator by using the Technology Acceptance Model. Participants experienced large, significant improvements in math anxiety scores and significant improvement in math motivation. Math performance and self-efficacy showed small, non-significant improvements. When split by gender, only math anxiety scores showed statistically significant improvement in males. As expected, there was a significant positive correlation between motivation and self-efficacy before and after the curriculum was introduced. There was also a significant positive correlation between technology acceptance and motivation. Surprisingly, although there were significant positive correlations between the pre- anxiety and motivation measures, there were no significant correlations after the curriculum was introduced. There were no significant correlations found between anxiety and technology acceptance. There was, however, a significant correlation between technology acceptance and self-efficacy. Technology acceptance and additional qualitative comments provided by students and administrators suggest MuSciQ is an easy and useful platform to promote music and math learning. These findings point to a need for further investigation into the influence of MuSciQ on math related variables.