Browsing by Subject "Mouthwashes"

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    The Impact of Mouthrinses on the Efficacy of Fluoride Dentifrices in Preventing Enamel and Dentin Erosion/ Abrasion
    (2018) Albeshir, Ebtehal; Lippert, Frank; Cook, Norman B.; Hara, Anderson
    Objective: Toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste followed by rinsing with mouthwash is a routine procedure to maintain good oral hygiene. It is unknown to what extent these rinses can modulate the effect of fluoride in its ability to prevent erosion/abrasion.The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate and compare the impact of chlorhexidine (CHX), essential oils (EO) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthrinses on erosive tooth wear protection afforded by conventional fluoride toothpastes. Materials and Methods: The following experimental factors were considered: five rinses: CHX, EO, CPC, a fluoride rinse, and deionized water, two fluoride toothpastes: stannous fluoride (SnF2) or sodium fluoride (NaF) and two models: (erosion/ erosion+abrasion). Slabs of bovine enamel and dentin were prepared and embedded in resin blocks and generated 10 enamel and dentin testing groups (n = 8). UPVC tapes were placed on the sides of each slab leaving 1mm area exposed in the center. The blocks were subjected to a five-day cycling model. Then, the blocks were placed in a brushing machine and exposed to fluoride toothpaste slurry (one side was brushed and the other wasn’t). The blocks were then exposed to rinse treatments. Artificial saliva was used to remineralize the specimens after erosions and treatment challenges, and as storage media. After the fifth day of cycling, surface loss (in micrometers) was determined by profilometer. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: There was no interaction among the three factors (type of toothpaste, mouthrinse and abrasion or not (dentin p = 0.0520, enamel p = 0.4720). There were no significant two-way interactions as SL was only affected by toothpaste and mouthrinse. NaF caused less SL than SnF2 (4.60 vs. 5.83 μm; p < 0.0001) in dentin, whereas the opposite was found in enamel (5.20 vs. 3.56 μm; p < 0.0001). Toothbrushing abrasion caused comparatively more SL in enamel (6.53 vs. 2.23 μm; p < 0.0001) than in dentin (6.06 vs. 4.38 μm; p < 0.0001). None of the tested mouthrinses affected SL. Conclusion: Commonly used mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents or additional fluoride, do not impair the erosion/abrasion protection afforded by fluoride toothpastes. Tested SnF2 dentifrice offered greater protection against enamel surface loss and NaF dentifrices showed more protection for the dentin surface. Clinical relevance: The understanding of the interaction between commonly used rinses and fluoride dentifrices will help dentists provide better recommendations to patients with erosive lesions.
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    Pilot randomized trial of the effect of antibacterial mouthwash on muscle contractile function in healthy young adults
    (Public Library of Science, 2025-02-12) Gallardo, Edgar J.; Zoughaib, William S.; Singhal, Ahaan; Hoffman, Richard L.; Coggan, Andrew R.; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Antiseptic mouthwash use is widespread due to its oral health benefits. However, its impact on systemic physiological processes, particularly nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and muscle contractility, is not fully understood. We sought to determine the effects of cetylpyridinium (antibacterial) versus sodium chloride (control) mouthwashes on salivary and breath NO markers and muscle contractile function in healthy young adults. Thirty participants (n = 15/group) completed a randomized, parallel-arm, blinded trial, comparing the two mouthwashes before and after 7 d of treatment. NO bioavailability was inferred via measurement of salivary nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), and cyclic guanyl monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations and breath NO level. Contractile function of the knee extensor muscles was determined via isokinetic dynamometry. No changes in salivary NO3-, NO2-, or cGMP or in breath NO were observed in response to either treatment. However, cetylpyridinium mouthwash reduced the percentage of NO2- in saliva (17 ± 10% vs. 25 ± 13%; p = 0.0036). Peak torque at velocities of 0-6.28 rad/s was unaffected by mouthwash use. Calculated maximal knee extensor velocity (Vmax) and power (Pmax) were therefore also unchanged. Cetylpyridinium mouthwash reduces the relative abundance of NO2- in the oral cavity but does not significantly diminish overall NO bioavailability or impair muscle contractile function in healthy young adults.