Browsing by Subject "Mouth"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Exploration of bacterial community classes in major human habitats
    (Springer Nature, 2014-05-07) Zhou, Yanjiao; Mihindukulasuriya, Kathie A.; Gao, Hongyu; La Rosa, Patricio S.; Wylie, Kristine M.; Martin, John C.; Kota, Karthik; Shannon, William D.; Mitreva, Makedonka; Sodergren, Erica; Weinstock, George M.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    Background: Determining bacterial abundance variation is the first step in understanding bacterial similarity between individuals. Categorization of bacterial communities into groups or community classes is the subsequent step in describing microbial distribution based on abundance patterns. Here, we present an analysis of the groupings of bacterial communities in stool, nasal, skin, vaginal and oral habitats in a healthy cohort of 236 subjects from the Human Microbiome Project. Results: We identify distinct community group patterns in the anterior nares, four skin sites, and vagina at the genus level. We also confirm three enterotypes previously identified in stools. We identify two clusters with low silhouette values in most oral sites, in which bacterial communities are more homogeneous. Subjects sharing a community class in one habitat do not necessarily share a community class in another, except in the three vaginal sites and the symmetric habitats of the left and right retroauricular creases. Demographic factors, including gender, age, and ethnicity, significantly influence community composition in several habitats. Community classes in the vagina, retroauricular crease and stool are stable over approximately 200 days. Conclusion: The community composition, association of demographic factors with community classes, and demonstration of community stability deepen our understanding of the variability and dynamics of human microbiomes. This also has significant implications for experimental designs that seek microbial correlations with clinical phenotypes.
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    Interactions of starch hydrolysis products with oral bacteria
    (1987) Glor, Elizabeth Anne Buehrer
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    Pediatric sleep-related breathing disorders: advances in imaging and computational modeling
    (IEEE, 2014-09) Ward, Sally L. Davidson; Amin, Raouf; Arens, Raanan; Chen, Zhongping; Davis, Stephanie; Gutmark, Ephraim; Superfine, Richard; Wong, Brian; Zdanski, Carlton; Khoo, Michael C.K.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    We understand now that sleep of sufficient length and quality is required for good health. This is particularly true for infants and children, who have the added physiologic task of growth and development, as compared to their adult counterparts. Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) are common in childhood and if unrecognized and not treated can result in significant morbidity. For example, children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can exhibit behavioral, mood, and learning difficulties. If left untreated, alterations in the function of the autonomic nervous system and a chronic inflammatory state result, contributing to the risk of heart disease, stroke, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in adulthood.