Browsing by Subject "Mood"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Collective ethnic-racial identity and health outcomes among African American youth: Examination of promotive and protective effects
    (American Psychological Association, 2019-07) Zapolski, Tamika C.B.; Beutlich, Marcy R.; Fisher, Sycarah; Barnes-Najor, Jessica; Psychology, School of Science
    OBJECTIVES: Racial discrimination is associated with numerous negative health outcomes, including increased risk for depression and anxiety symptoms and substance use. Positive affect toward of one's ethnic or racial group (i.e., ethnic-racial identity affirmation) has been shown to buffer the negative effects of racial discrimination on health outcomes. The extent to which one believes his or her group is valued by others (i.e., positive collective ethnic-racial identity) has also been proposed to be protective. However, to date a limited body of research has examined the moderating effect of collective ethnic-racial identity on health, and among available studies, findings are mixed. METHOD: African American youth (N = 612; 58.2% female, M grade = 8) completed measures on experiences of discrimination, mood symptoms, substance use, ethnic-racial identity affirmation, and collective ethnic-racial identity (assessed using the Collective Self-Esteem Scale). RESULTS: Controlling for demographic variables and affirmation, a significant main effect was found for collective ethnic-racial identity, such that believing that others viewed your group positively was associated with better health outcomes among African American youth. However, collective ethnic-racial identity was not found to buffer the effects of discrimination on health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of examining collective ethnic-racial identity and the promotive effect it can have on health outcomes for African Americans. More research is needed to better understand if there are health outcomes in which collective ethnic-racial identity may also mitigate risk as a consequence of racial discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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    Enhanced amygdala-cingulate connectivity associates with better mood in both healthy and depressive individuals after sleep deprivation
    (National Academy of Science, 2023) Chai, Ya; Gehrman, Philip; Yu, Meichen; Mao, Tianxin; Deng, Yao; Rao, Joy; Shi, Hui; Quan, Peng; Xu, Jing; Zhang, Xiaocui; Lei, Hui; Fang, Zhuo; Xu, Sihua; Boland, Elaine; Goldschmied, Jennifer R.; Barilla, Holly; Goel, Namni; Basner, Mathias; Thase, Michael E.; Sheline, Yvette I.; Dinges, David F.; Detre, John A.; Zhang, Xiaochu; Rao, Hengyi; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Sleep loss robustly disrupts mood and emotion regulation in healthy individuals but can have a transient antidepressant effect in a subset of patients with depression. The neural mechanisms underlying this paradoxical effect remain unclear. Previous studies suggest that the amygdala and dorsal nexus (DN) play key roles in depressive mood regulation. Here, we used functional MRI to examine associations between amygdala- and DN-related resting-state connectivity alterations and mood changes after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) in both healthy adults and patients with major depressive disorder using strictly controlled in-laboratory studies. Behavioral data showed that TSD increased negative mood in healthy participants but reduced depressive symptoms in 43% of patients. Imaging data showed that TSD enhanced both amygdala- and DN-related connectivity in healthy participants. Moreover, enhanced amygdala connectivity to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after TSD associated with better mood in healthy participants and antidepressant effects in depressed patients. These findings support the key role of the amygdala-cingulate circuit in mood regulation in both healthy and depressed populations and suggest that rapid antidepressant treatment may target the enhancement of amygdala-ACC connectivity.
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    A Narrative Approach to Art Therapy for Life Review as a Means to Increase Mood in an Elder Community
    (2017) Kelley, E'lisa; Misluk, Eileen; King, Juliet
    This human-subject study used a quantitative research design to identify if participation in individual art therapy sessions designed to explore life review through a narrative approach would increase mood in older adults. It was hypothesized that elders (ages 65+) who participated in six individual art therapy sessions, once a week, over the course of six weeks, would show an increase in mood. An increase in mood is defined as a decrease in depressive symptomology. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) provided a baseline measure of depressive symptomologies, rather than a diagnosis of depression. The average difference of individual’s pre-and-post BDI-II scores were used to identify if a change in mood occurred as a result of participation in the study. Participants used artmaking and storytelling as a means to engage in a life review process. The use of story stems and collage were the primary means of engaging in the study. The results showed that participants’ average BDI-II scores decreased post-study. These findings provide support for the use of a narrative approach to art therapy to explore life review as a means to increase mood in older adults. Future implications of this study include continuing to explore the correlations between art therapy and life review as a means of building ego integrity, a deeper review of the artwork created as a response to the story stem, and additional research on the use of the BDI-II for a measure of increased mood. The study provides quantitative support for the use of a narrative approach to art therapy as a means to increase mood in an aging population.
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    A Short-Term Art Therapy Group for Individuals with Dementia
    (2018) Hinkle, Brittany; Misluk, Eileen
    This human-subject study used the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) for its pre- and post-test intervention format without at control group. It was hypothesized that there would be an increase in quality of life (QoL) scores after participation in the 6-week art therapy group. The findings were anticipated to suggest that the supportive group art therapy setting improved QoL in the participants in the domains of energy, mood, and self as a whole. The pre-QOL-AD provided a baseline measure of QoL that was compared to the post-QOL-AD to identify if a change in QoL occurred as a result of participation in the study. Eight participants created an ongoing life review project, recommended by Judith Walk, over six sessions. They were provided with 18-by-24-inch white artist paper, colored pencils, markers, pre-cut collage images, and glue. The paper was pre-divided into six sections. Each section represented an important phase of life, ranging from childhood to the present. The results showed an increase in QoL for five of the eight participants. The participant and caregiver pre- and post-test total scores and scores for the domain of self as a whole were found to be approaching significance. These findings provide support for the use of art therapy to improve QoL for individuals with dementia. Future implications of this study include additional research on the use of Judith Wald's method and the QOL-AD as a measure of QoL for individuals with dementia, particularly for art therapy studies.
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    The Relationship Between Sleep, Cognition and Behavior in Children With Newly-Diagnosed Epilepsy Over 36 Months
    (Frontiers Media, 2022-07-26) Oyegbile-Chidi, Temitayo; Harvey, Danielle; Eisner, Jordan; Dunn, David; Jones, Jana; Byars, Anna; Hermann, Bruce; Austin, Joan; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Introduction: There is substantial evidence that children with epilepsy experience more sleep, behavior and cognitive challenges than children without epilepsy. However, the literature is limited in describing the relationship between sleep, epilepsy, cognition and behavioral challenges and the interactions amongst these factors over time. This study aims to understand the nature and strength of the relationship between sleep, cognition, mood and behavior in children with new-onset epilepsy as assessed by multiple informants at multiple time periods using multiple different dependent measures. Methods: 332 participants (6-16years) were recruited within 6 weeks of their first recognized seizure. The comparison group was comprised of 266 healthy siblings. Participants underwent sleep evaluation by a parent using the Sleep Behavioral Questionnaire (SBQ), cognitive evaluation using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, a behavioral evaluation using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL from parents and TRF from teachers) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). These evaluations were completed at baseline (B), at 18 months, and at 36 months. Results: Compared to siblings, children with new-onset epilepsy had more sleep disturbance (SBQ), higher rates of behavioral problems (CBCL and TRF), lower cognitive testing scores, and higher rates of depression; which persisted over the 36-month study. Sleep significantly correlated with behavioral problems, cognitive scores and depression. When divided into categories based of sleep disturbance scores, 39.7% of children with epilepsy experienced "Persistently Abnormal Sleep", while 14.8% experienced "Persistently Normal Sleep". Children with persistently abnormal sleep experienced the highest rates of behavioral problems, depression and cognitive impairment compared to those with persistently normal sleep, regardless of epilepsy syndrome. Younger age of seizure onset, younger age at testing, and lower grade level at baseline were associated with persistently abnormal sleep. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the nature, strength, reliability, stability and persistence of the relationship between sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems over time in a large cohort of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy, as assessed by multiple informants at different timepoints. The results of this study indicate that children with epilepsy are at a high risk of significant persisting neurobehavioral multimorbidity. Therefore, early screening for these challenges may be essential for optimizing quality of life long-term.