Browsing by Subject "Monkeypox"
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Item A case report of Mpox (Monkeypox) in male traveler(Elsevier, 2023) AlBahrani, Salma; AlGarzai, Ruba; Aljunaid, Thamir O.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Clinical features and outcome of human Mpox (Monkeypox) in Saudi Arabia: An observational study of travel-related cases(Elsevier, 2023) Assiri, Abdullah M.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Jokhdar, Hani A.; Algwizani, Abdullah R.; Albarraq, Ahmed M.; Alanazi, Khalid H.; Alamri, Ahlam H.; Almohammadi, Emad L.; Abuhasan, Musallam Y.; Alserehi, Haleema A.; Rebh, Fatimah Z.; Alrossais, Amirah; Alawad, Eman; AlBahrani, Salma; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground: The 2022 Monkeypox virus (Mpox) outbreak had involved multiple countries around the globe. Here, we report clinical features and outcome of human Mpox of the first cases in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We obtained records of confirmed Mpox cases in Saudi Arabia from the public electronic health information system, Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN) and the healthcare providers completed a de-identified structured clinical data collection form. Results: The reported seven cases were travel-related and all were males between 24 and 41 years of age (mean age + SD) was 30.14 (+ 6.69) years. Of the cases, three (43 %) had heterosexual contact and the others had other intimate encounters while traveling abroad. They presented with skin lesions (100 %), fever (86 %), and lymphadenopathy (71 %). The illness was mild to moderate, did not require antiviral medications, and lasted 7-15 days. The mean duration of skin rash (+ SD) was 10 (+ 2.68) days. Routine laboratory tests (CBC, BUN, serum electrolytes, and liver enzymes) were within normal limits, and initial screening for HIV was negative. Expanded contact tracing did not reveal secondary cases of Mpox in the community or the healthcare setting. Conclusion: The current study showed heterosexual transmission of Mpox and the clinical course was mild and non-complicated. Therefore, clinicians and public health professionals should consider Mpox among individuals presenting with skin rash especially in the context of the investigation of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.Item Disparities in transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreaks between Europe and Americas(Elsevier, 2023-03-12) Zheng, Qinyue; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A.; Bao, Chunbing; Pan, Qiuwei; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years with Monkeypox — United States, May 17–September 24, 2022(Center for Disease Control, 2022-11-04) Hennessee, Ian; Shelus, Victoria; McArdle, Cristin E.; Wolf, Maren; Schatzman, Sabrina; Carpenter, Ann; Minhaj, Faisal S.; Petras, Julia K.; Cash-Goldwasser, Shama; Maloney, Meghan; Sosa, Lynn; Jones, Sydney A.; Mangla, Anil T.; Harold, Rachel E.; Beverley, Jason; Saunders, Katharine E.; Adams, Jeremy N.; Stanek, Danielle R.; Feldpausch, Amanda; Pavlick, Jessica; Cahill, Megan; O'Dell, Victoria; Kim, Moon; Alarcón, Jemma; Finn, Lauren E.; Goss, Maura; Duwell, Monique; Crum, David A.; Williams, Thelonious W.; Hansen, Katrina; Heddy, Megan; Mallory, Krystle; McDermott, Darby; Cuadera, Mervin Keith Q.; Adler, Eric; Lee, Ellen H.; Shinall, Amanda; Thomas, Carlen; Ricketts, Erin K.; Koonce, Tammy; Rynk, Dana B.; Cogswell, Kelly; McLafferty, Meagan; Perella, Dana; Stockdale, Catherine; Dell, BreeAnna; Roskosky, Mellisa; White, Stephen L.; Davis, Kenneth R.; Milleron, Rania S.; Mackey, Skyler; Barringer, L. Anna; Bruce, Hollianne; Barrett, Debra; D'Angeli, Marisa; Kocharian, Anna; Klos, Rachel; Dawson, Patrick; Ellington, Sascha R.; Mayer, Oren; Godfred-Cato, Shana; Labuda, Sarah M.; McCormick, David W.; McCollum, Andrea M.; Rao, Agam K.; Salzer, Johanna S.; Kimball, Anne; Gold, Jeremy A. W.; California Department of Public Health Monkeypox Pediatric Working Group; CDC Monkeypox Pediatric Working Group; Pediatrics, School of MedicineData on monkeypox in children and adolescents aged <18 years are limited (1,2). During May 17–September 24, 2022, a total of 25,038 monkeypox cases were reported in the United States,† primarily among adult gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (3). During this period, CDC and U.S. jurisdictional health departments identified Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections in 83 persons aged <18 years, accounting for 0.3% of reported cases. Among 28 children aged 0–12 years with monkeypox, 64% were boys, and most had direct skin-to-skin contact with an adult with monkeypox who was caring for the child in a household setting. Among 55 adolescents aged 13–17 years, most were male (89%), and male-to-male sexual contact was the most common presumed exposure route (66%). Most children and adolescents with monkeypox were non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) (47%) or Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) (35%). Most (89%) were not hospitalized, none received intensive care unit (ICU)–level care, and none died. Monkeypox in children and adolescents remains rare in the United States. Ensuring equitable access to monkeypox vaccination, testing, and treatment is a critical public health priority. Vaccination for adolescents with risk factors and provision of prevention information for persons with monkeypox caring for children might prevent additional infections.Item Human monkeypox disease (MPX)(Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salern, 2022-09-01) Farahat, Ramadan Abdelmoez; Sah, Ranjit; El-Sakka, Amro A.; Benmelouka, Amira Yasmine; Kundu, Mrinmoy; Labieb, Fatma; Shaheen, Rahma Sameh; Abdelaal, Abdelaziz; Abdelazeem, Basel; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Franco-Paredes, Carlos; Henao-Martinez, Andres F.; Garout, Mohammed A.; León-Figueroa, Darwin A.; Pachar, Monica; Suárez, José Antonio; Ramirez, Juan David; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Rabaan, Ali A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Nishiura, Hiroshi; Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer; Garcia-Robledo, Juan Esteban; Cimerman, Sergio; Barbosa, Alexandre Naime; Pagliano, Pasquale; Zambrano-Sanchez, Gabriela; Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A.; Bížová, Beatrice; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Medicine, School of MedicineMonkeypox is a rare viral infection, endemic in many central and western African countries. The last international outbreak of monkeypox reported outside Africa occurred back in 2003. However, monkeypox has reemerged at a global scale with numerous confirmed cases across the globe in 2022. The rapid spread of cases through different countries has raised serious concerns among public health officials worldwide prompting accelerated investigations aimed to identify the origins and cause of the rapid expansion of cases. The current situation is reminiscent of the very early stages of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Overlapping features between these, two seemingly alike viral entities include the possibility for airborne transmission and the currently unexplained and rapid spread across borders. Early recognition of cases and timely intervention of potential transmission chains are necessary to contain further outbreaks. Measures should include rapid and accurate diagnosis of cases meeting case definitions, active surveillance efforts, and appropriate containment of confirmed cases. Governments and health policymakers must apply lessons learned from previous outbreaks and start taking active steps toward limiting the recent global spread of monkeypox. Herein, we discuss the status of the current monkeypox outbreaks worldwide, the epidemiological and public health situation at a global scale and what can be done to keep at bay its further expansion and future global implications.Item Incidence of Monkeypox Among Unvaccinated Persons Compared with Persons Receiving ≥1 JYNNEOS Vaccine Dose — 32 U.S. Jurisdictions, July 31–September 3, 2022(Center for Disease Control, 2022-10-07) Payne, Amanda B.; Ray, Logan C.; Kugeler, Kiersten J.; Fothergill, Amy; White, Elizabeth B.; Canning, Michelle; Farrar, Jennifer L.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Gundlapalli, Adi V.; Houck, Kennedy; Kriss, Jennifer L.; Lewis, Nathaniel M.; Sims, Emily; Smith, Dawn K.; Spicknall, Ian H.; Nakazawa, Yoshinori; Damon, Inger K.; Cohn, Amanda C.; Payne, Daniel C.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineHuman monkeypox is caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), an Orthopoxvirus, previously rare in the United States (1). The first U.S. case of monkeypox during the current outbreak was identified on May 17, 2022 (2). As of September 28, 2022, a total of 25,341 monkeypox cases have been reported in the United States.* The outbreak has disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) (3). JYNNEOS vaccine (Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine, Bavarian Nordic), administered subcutaneously as a 2-dose (0.5 mL per dose) series with doses administered 4 weeks apart, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019 to prevent smallpox and monkeypox infection (4). U.S. distribution of JYNNEOS vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for persons with known exposures to MPXV began in May 2022. A U.S. national vaccination strategy† for expanded PEP, announced on June 28, 2022, recommended subcutaneous vaccination of persons with known or presumed exposure to MPXV, broadening vaccination eligibility. FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) of intradermal administration of 0.1 mL of JYNNEOS on August 9, 2022, increased vaccine supply (5). As of September 28, 2022, most vaccine has been administered as PEP or expanded PEP. Because of the limited amount of time that has elapsed since administration of initial vaccine doses, as of September 28, 2022, relatively few persons in the current outbreak have completed the recommended 2-dose series.§ To examine the incidence of monkeypox among persons who were unvaccinated and those who had received ≥1 JYNNEOS vaccine dose, 5,402 reported monkeypox cases occurring among males¶ aged 18-49 years during July 31-September 3, 2022, were analyzed by vaccination status across 32 U.S. jurisdictions.** Average monkeypox incidence (cases per 100,000) among unvaccinated persons was 14.3 (95% CI = 5.0-41.0) times that among persons who received 1 dose of JYNNEOS vaccine ≥14 days earlier. Monitoring monkeypox incidence by vaccination status in timely surveillance data might provide early indications of vaccine-related protection that can be confirmed through other well-controlled vaccine effectiveness studies. This early finding suggests that a single dose of JYNNEOS vaccine provides some protection against monkeypox infection. The degree and durability of such protection is unknown, and it is recommended that people who are eligible for monkeypox vaccination receive the complete 2-dose series.Item Monkeypox caused less worry than COVID-19 among the general population during the first month of the WHO Monkeypox alert: Experience from Saudi Arabia(Elsevier, 2022) Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Aljamaan, Fadi; Alenezi, Shuliweeh; Alhasan, Khalid; Saddik, Basema; Al-Barag, Ahmad; Alhaboob, Ali; Bahabri, Nezar; Alshahrani, Fatimah; Alrabiaah, Abdulkarim; Alaraj, Ali; Bahkali, Feras; Alkriadees, Khaled; Jamal, Amr; Halwani, Rabih; AlZamil, Fahad; Al-Subaie, Sarah; Barry, Mazin; Memish, Ziad A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground: Monkeypox re-emerged in May 2022 as another global health threat. This study assessed the public's perception, worries, and vaccine acceptance for Monkeypox and COVID-19 during the first month of WHO announcement. Methods: A large-scale, cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 27 and June 5, 2022, in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, previous infection with COVID-19, worry levels regarding Monkeypox compared to COVID-19, awareness, and perceptions of Monkeypox, and vaccine acceptance. Results: Among the 1546 participants, most respondents (62%) were more worried about COVID-19 than Monkeypox. Respondents aged 45 years and above and those with a university degree or higher had lower odds of agreement with Monkeypox vaccination (OR 0.871, p-value 0.006, OR 0.719, p-value <0.001), respectively. Respondents with moderate to a high level of self and family commitment to infection control precautionary measures and those who expressed self and family worry of Monkeypox infection had significantly higher odds of vaccination agreement (OR 1.089 p-value = 0.047, OR1.395 p-value = 0.003) respectively. On the other hand, respondents who previously developed COVID-19 were significantly more worried about the Monkeypox disease (1.30 times more, p-value = 0.020). Conclusion: Worry levels amongst the public are higher from COVID-19 than Monkeypox. Perception of Monkeypox as a dangerous and virulent disease, worry from contracting the disease, and high commitment to infection precautionary measures were predictors of agreement with Monkeypox vaccination. While advanced age and high education level are predictors of low agreement with vaccination.Item Mpox outbreak in South Africa: A wake-up call for strengthening preparedness and response(Elsevier, 2024-07-23) Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Pan, Qiuwei; Schlagenhauf, Patricia; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Mpox-associated myopericarditis(Elsevier, 2023-01-18) Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Sah, Ranjit; Altawfiq, Kauthar J.; Pan, Qiuwei; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Not every skin rash in a returning adult male traveler is monkeypox(Elsevier, 2022) Barry, Mazin; Akkielah, Layan; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A.; Medicine, School of MedicineIn May 2022, several European countries including Spain reported cluster of monkeypox cases with no apparent travel to endemic areas. We report a suspected case of monkeypox in Saudi Arabia in a healthy 30-year-old man who returned from Spain and the Netherlands with fever and rash for six days duration during the same time period of the outbreak, he was suspected to have monkeypox but was ultimately diagnosed with chickenp