Browsing by Subject "Mitigation"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Contact Tracing, Intrastate and Interstate Quarantine, and Isolation
    (Public Health Law Watch, 2020-08) Silverman, Ross D.
    Contact tracing, quarantine and isolation are core communicable disease control measures used by public health departments as part of a comprehensive case ascertainment and management strategy. These are practices with historic roots enabled by state laws and policies, and have been used by other countries to slow and stop the spread of COVID-19. To date, their implementation as part of U.S. response efforts at the national, state, and local levels has been confounded by the scale of the COVID-19 outbreak; lack of a systemic infectious disease response; insufficient and fragmented funding streams; low levels of public accountability; and concerns about the impact of such efforts on individual privacy, liberty, and travel rights, as well as the financial and personal costs that may arise out of a positive diagnosis. Recommendations have been offered by expert groups on both the scaling up of contact tracing and ensuring ethical implementation of such measures. One state has passed legislation establishing an oversight framework for state contact tracing and associated data collection and use. Legal challenges to interstate quarantine rules have, thus far, been unsuccessful. Recommendations include: appropriating federal funding adequate to mount and sustain rapid, comprehensive, culturally-appropriate state and local testing, treatment, contact tracing, and supported quarantine and isolation service efforts; building contact tracing systems that cover social as well as health care supports for those affected; and, to bolster trust and participation in public health efforts, implement contact tracing-related health communication efforts targeted to reach the diverse array of communities affected by the epidemic.
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    Corrigendum: Polypharmacy to Mitigate Acute and Delayed Radiation Syndromes
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-08-25) Gasperetti, Tracy; Miller, Tessa; Gao, Feng; Narayanan, Jayashree; Jacobs, Elizabeth R.; Szabo, Aniko; Cox, George N.; Orschell, Christie M.; Fish, Brian L.; Medhora, Meetha; Medicine, School of Medicine
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634477.].
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    Covid-19: Control Measures Must be Equitable and Inclusive
    (BMJ Publishing Group, 2020-03-20) Berger, Zackary D.; Evans, Nicholas G.; Phelan, Alexandra L.; Silverman, Ross D.; Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health
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    Digging through disaster rubble in search of the determinants of organizational mitigation and preparedness
    (DOI: 10.2202/1944-4079.1005, 2010-07) Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem
    Disaster researchers have established the determinants of mitigation and preparedness at the household level of analysis. However, at the organizational level, there is limited research and no theory to guide research on the determinants of mitigation and preparedness. The research question is “what are the determinants of mitigation and preparedness at the organizational level?” The data come from a survey of 227 organizations in Memphis, Tennessee. This study uses Tobit regression technique to identify the determinants and finds that organizational size and concern over disaster impact are strong positive determinants of mitigation and preparedness in organizations. In addition, there is a significant and nonlinear relationship between organizational obstacle and mitigation and preparedness activities. This study concludes with policy implications and recommendations for future studies.
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    Polypharmacy to Mitigate Acute and Delayed Radiation Syndromes
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-05-17) Gasperetti, Tracy; Miller, Tessa; Gao, Feng; Narayanan, Jayashree; Jacobs, Elizabeth R.; Szabo, Aniko; Cox, George N.; Orschell, Christie M.; Fish, Brian L.; Medhora, Meetha; Medicine, School of Medicine
    There is a need for countermeasures to mitigate lethal acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). In WAG/RijCmcr rats, ARS occurs by 30-days following total body irradiation (TBI), and manifests as potentially lethal gastrointestinal (GI) and hematopoietic (H-ARS) toxicities after >12.5 and >7 Gy, respectively. DEARE, which includes potentially lethal lung and kidney injuries, is observed after partial body irradiation >12.5 Gy, with one hind limb shielded (leg-out PBI). The goal of this study is to enhance survival from ARS and DEARE by polypharmacy, since no monotherapy has demonstrated efficacy to mitigate both sets of injuries. For mitigation of ARS following 7.5 Gy TBI, a combination of three hematopoietic growth factors (polyethylene glycol (PEG) human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF), PEG murine granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (mGM-CSF), and PEG human Interleukin (hIL)-11), which have shown survival efficacy in murine models of H-ARS were tested. This triple combination (TC) enhanced survival by 30-days from ∼25% to >60%. The TC was then combined with proven medical countermeasures for GI-ARS and DEARE, namely enrofloxacin, saline and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril. This combination of ARS and DEARE mitigators improved survival from GI-ARS, H-ARS, and DEARE after 7.5 Gy TBI or 13 Gy PBI. Circulating blood cell recovery as well as lung and kidney function were also improved by TC + lisinopril. Taken together these results demonstrate an efficacious polypharmacy to mitigate radiation-induced ARS and DEARE in rats.