Browsing by Subject "Milk"
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Item Bacteria in Milk(Indiana State Board of Health, 1924-02)Illustration of the increase of bacteria in milk when not kept under proper conditionsItem The cariogenic potential of milk(1971) Vianna, Roberto Braga de Carvalho Vianna, 1942-Reports differ concerning the cariogenic potential of milk. Some authors indicate that plain milk can cause dental caries, while others believe that the disease results from adding carbohydrates to the milk. Still others suggest that milk has a protective effect and may contribute to caries prevention. The present study investigated the capability of human milk, plain bovine milk, a milk formula, and milk with honey to produce caries-like lesions in an environment which simulated the oral cavity. Four groups of eight sound bicuspids each, which had been extracted for orthodontic reasons, were mounted in a mouth simulator. The teeth and complete apparatus were sterilized with ethylene oxide. The teeth were then inoculated with human saliva and covered with linen cloth to facilitate bacterial colonization. Each day the various groups of study teeth were exposed to one of the four milk solutions during a 2, 4, or 8-hour period. After each period, a sterile chemical solution simulating human saliva was dropped (8-12 ml/hr) over the cloth to provide a mouth-like environment. A control group was not exposed to a milk preparation. The results indicate that after six weeks, all milk solution groups showed unequivocal signs of decalcification, with an intensity proportional to the period of exposure to the study solutions. Plain bovine milk produced the least decalcification, followed in order by milk formula, human milk, and milk and honey. It can be inferred, from these results, that milk itself, without addition of extra carbohydrates, has the potential to produce dental caries if left stagnant over the tooth surfaces for a sufficient time.Item Cooling and bottling room in Polk's Dairy, Greenwood, Indiana(Indiana State Board of Health, 1900-03)Cooling and bottling room.Item Early cow's milk introduction is associated with failed personal-social milestones after 1 year of age(Springer-Verlag, 2014-07) Bennett, William E.; Hendrix, Kristin S.; Thompson-Fleming, Rachel T.; Downs, Stephen M.; Carroll, Aaron E.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of MedicineBoth the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend delaying the introduction of cow's milk until after 1 year of age due to its low absorbable iron content. We used a novel computerized decision support system to gather data from multiple general pediatrics offices. We asked families whether their child received cow's milk before 1 year of age, had a low-iron diet, or used low-iron formula. Then, at subsequent visits, we performed a modified developmental assessment using the Denver II. We assessed the effect of early cow's milk or a low-iron diet on the later failure of achieving developmental milestones. We controlled for covariates using logistic regression. Early cow's milk introduction (odds ratio (OR) 1.30, p = 0.012), as well as a low-iron diet or low-iron formula (OR 1.42, p < 0.001), was associated with increased rates of milestone failure. Only personal-social milestones (OR 1.44, p = 0.002) showed a significantly higher rate of milestone failure. Both personal-social (OR 1.42, p < 0.001) and language (OR 1.22, p = 0.009) showed higher rates of failure in children with a low-iron diet. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between the introduction of cow's milk before 1 year of age and the rate of delayed developmental milestones after 1 year of age. This adds strength to the recommendations from the AAP and IOM to delay cow's milk introduction until after 1 year of age.