Browsing by Subject "Middle East"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Celiac disease in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A new burden?
    (Baishideng Publishing Group, 2010-03-28) Barada, Kassem; Bitar, Abbas; Mokadem, Mohamad Abdul-Razak; Hashash, Jana Ghazi; Green, Peter; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Celiac disease (CD) is now recognized as a common disorder among Middle Eastern (ME) and North African (NA) populations. The aim of this review is to assess the available data regarding CD in the ME and NA and to compare this information with that of Western countries. A literature review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Medline (1950-2008) as search engines, and “celiac disease” was used as a Mesh term. The search was limited to ME and NA countries. The prevalence of CD in ME and NA countries among low risk populations is similar to that of Western countries, but is higher in high risk populations such as those with type 1 diabetes. It is underestimated because of lack of clinical suspicion and lack of patient awareness. Clinical presentations in term of gastrointestinal, hematologic, skeletal, and liver manifestations are similar between both populations except for a high prevalence of short stature in some ME and NA countries. Few studies have addressed atypical or silent CD. As in the West, diagnosis is initially made by serological tests and is confirmed by small intestinal biopsies. Gluten-free diet is the main mode of treatment with a higher apparent adherence rate than in the West. Most disease complications result from malabsorption. The disease is strongly associated with HLA DQ2 and to a lesser extent with HLA DQ8 alleles. In conclusion, CD prevalence is underestimated, with little data available about its malignant complications. Disease parameters in the ME and NA are otherwise similar to those in Western countries.
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    Fighting Powers
    (2021) Dobouni, Leena; Winship, Andrew
    Fighting Powers analyzes Leena Dobouni’s body of installation artwork as it relates to concepts of socio-political imbalance between the Middle East and Western powers. The West’s systemic degradation of the Middle East is examined through the theories of the post-colonial / imperial gaze, psychological myopia and social dominance theory. The thesis poses that historical events during the early 20th century set the stage for the current rapport that the West has with the Middle East. T. E. Lawrence, Mark Sykes and Francois Georges-Picot are three main players in the instigation of the inequitable relations between the West and the Middle East. Investigation of these ideas and events support the presented viewpoint that socio-structural marginalization of the “other” in Western communities is irrefutable and that the idea of the “lesser” is born out of “othering." Dobouni’s unique experiences as a Muslim of mixed Iraqi-American heritage in the Western and imperial gaze has allowed her to observe distinct narratives of political tension between the two sides of her upbringing.
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    Middle East and Northern Africa. The 2022 Global Philanthropy Environment Index
    (IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2022-03-10) Hasan, Samiul
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    Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) origin and animal reservoir
    (Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.), 2016-06-03) Mohd, Hamzah A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus discovered in 2012 and is responsible for acute respiratory syndrome in humans. Though not confirmed yet, multiple surveillance and phylogenetic studies suggest a bat origin. The disease is heavily endemic in dromedary camel populations of East Africa and the Middle East. It is unclear as to when the virus was introduced to dromedary camels, but data from studies that investigated stored dromedary camel sera and geographical distribution of involved dromedary camel populations suggested that the virus was present in dromedary camels several decades ago. Though bats and alpacas can serve as potential reservoirs for MERS-CoV, dromedary camels seem to be the only animal host responsible for the spill over human infections.
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    Prevalence Rates and Risk Factors for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in the Middle East
    (Knowledge E, 2021-10-25) Torabi, Rana; Harris, Alon; Siesky, Brent; Zukerman, Ryan; Oddone, Francesco; Mathew, Sunu; Januleviciene, Ingrida; Verticchio Vercellin, Alice C.; Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
    Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current data has demonstrated the approximate distribution of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients of European, African, Hispanic, and Eastern Asian descent. However, a significant gap in the literature exists regarding the prevalence of POAG in Middle Eastern (ME) populations. Current studies estimate ME POAG prevalence based on a European model. Herein we screened 65 total publications on ME prevalence of POAG and specific risk factors using keywords: “glaucoma”, “prevalence”, “incidence”, “risk factor”, “Middle East”, “Mideast”, “Persian”, “Far East”, as well as searching by individual ME countries through PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, and Trip searches with additional reference list searches from relevant articles published up to and including March 1, 2021. Fifty qualifying records were included after 15 studies identified with low statistical power, confounding co-morbid ophthalmic diseases, and funding bias were excluded. Studies of ME glaucoma risk factors that identify chromosomes, familial trend, age/gender, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, intraocular pressure, vascular influences, optic disc hemorrhage, cup-to-disc ratio, blood pressure, obstructive sleep apnea, and diabetes mellitus were included in this systematic review. We conclude that the prevalence of POAG in the ME is likely higher than the prevalence rate that European models suggest, with ME specific risk factors likely playing a role. However, these findings are severely limited by the paucity of population-level data in the ME. Well-designed, longitudinal population-based studies with rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria are ultimately needed to accurately assess the epidemiology and specific mechanistic risk factors of glaucoma in ME populations.
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    Region Report 2018: Middle East and Northern Africa
    (2018) Hasan, Samiul
    The Middle East and North Africa is a fluid transcontinental region comprising about twenty countries ranging from Morocco in the West, Iran in the East, Turkey in the North, and Yemen in the South. This ten-country report of the above region includes two countries in northern Africa (Egypt and Morocco), and eight countries in the Middle East (Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates). The last four countries in the list (along with Bahrain and Oman) form the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (aka Gulf Cooperation Council or GCC) – a political and economic alliance created in 1981.