Browsing by Subject "Micronutrients"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diet and Nutrient Intake in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    (Wiley, 2024) Veraza, Diego Izquierdo; Calderon, Gerardo; Jansson-Knodell, Claire; Aljaras, Rawan; Foster, Erin D.; Xu, Huiping; Biruete, Annabel; Shin, Andrea; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Numerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what degree dietary intake is affected in individuals with IBS. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize dietary intake of adults with IBS and to compare dietary intake between adults with IBS and non-IBS controls. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched through February 2023 for clinical trials and observational studies measuring usual diet in adults with IBS. Pooled weighted averages were estimated for total energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient data. Mean differences (MD) in nutrient intake were estimated for adults with IBS versus non-IBS controls using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency index (I2). Key results: Sixty-three full-text articles were included in the review of which 29 studies included both IBS and control subjects. Nutrients not meeting the recommended intake level for any dietary reference values in the IBS population were fiber and vitamin D. Meta-regression by female proportion was positively correlated with total fat intake and negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. Comparisons between participants with IBS and controls showed significantly lower fiber intake in participants with IBS with high heterogeneity (MD: -1.8; 95% CI: -3.0, -0.6; I2 = 85%). Conclusions and inferences: This review suggests that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS; however, overall dietary intake does not appear to be comprised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber in IBS deserve further study. Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS. However, overall intake of other macro- and micronutrients does not appear to be compromised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber and Vitamin D intake in IBS deserve further study.
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    Associations between serum micronutrients and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in a national representative population: Mediated by inflammatory biomarkers
    (Elsevier, 2025) Liu, Chunliang; Wongsonegoro, Harrison; Sheng, Tianchen; Fan, Hao; Zhang, Jianjun; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Background: Micronutrient intake was inversely associated with cancer and cardiovascular risk in previous studies, but obtained results were inconsistent and the biological mechanisms for this potential protective effect remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the associations of serum vitamin C, 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lycopene, folate, and iron with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. We further evaluated whether these associations were mediated through altered inflammatory responses. Methods: Data were obtained from 11,539 participants aged ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2001-2006 and 2017-2018. Mortality status of the participants with an average follow-up of 10.5 years was ascertained from the linked mortality files of the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate mortality risk in relation to serum micronutrients, while mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating effects of serum C-reactive protein and white blood cell count on the associations of interest. Results: After adjustment for confounders, serum levels of vitamin C, 25(OH)D, β-carotene, and lycopene were associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. For example, HRs (95 % CIs) for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 vs. quartile 1 of 25(OH)D were, respectively, 0.72 (0.62, 0.83), 0.70 (0.62, 0.79), and 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) (p-trend: <0.0001) for all-cause mortality, 0.68 (0.52, 0.91), 0.54 (0.39, 0.73), and 0.48 (0.32, 0.71) (p-trend: 0.0001) for cancer mortality, and 0.64 (0.50, 0.83), 0.66 (0.53, 0.83), and 0.59 (0.42, 0.82) (p-trend: 0.0012) for cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, serum C-reactive protein significantly mediated 5.3%-20.4 %, 4.5%-18.1 %, and 3.3%-15.7 % of the associations of vitamin C, 25(OH)D, β-carotene, and lycopene with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggested that serum levels of several antioxidants and vitamin D were inversely associated with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality, mediated in part by mitigated inflammatory responses.
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    Dietary Interventions, Supplements, and Plant-Derived Compounds for Adjunct Vitiligo Management: A Review of the Literature
    (MDPI, 2025-01-20) Diaz, Michael J.; Tran, Jasmine T.; Rose, Drake; Wei, Aria; Lakshmipathy, Deepak; Lipner, Shari R.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune pigmentation disorder shaped by a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental triggers. While conventional therapies-phototherapy, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants-can be effective, their benefits are often partial and temporary, with recurrence common once treatment stops. As such, there is increasing interest in exploring complementary approaches that may offer a more sustainable impact. Emerging evidence suggests that macronutrient and micronutrient-level changes could be beneficial for managing progression and, in some cases, facilitating repigmentation. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as apples, green tea, Indian gooseberry, onions, and peppers, may help mitigate oxidative stress, while inflammatory foods, such as gluten and high-phenol nuts and berries, may exacerbate the condition. Certain supplements, including high-dose vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium, may enhance phototherapy outcomes. Omega-3 and other unsaturated fatty acids, in addition to prebiotics and probiotics, are under active investigation for their roles in gut health and immune regulation. Notably, plant-derived compounds, i.e., Ginkgo biloba, have demonstrated promise in promoting repigmentation and managing disease progression. However, it must be emphasized that these nutritional interventions remain exploratory, and more research is needed to establish their efficacy, safety, and optimal usage before they can be recommended as part of a standard treatment regimen.