Browsing by Subject "Mediterranean diet"

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    Assessing Validity of Self-Reported Dietary Intake within a Mediterranean Diet Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among US Firefighters
    (MDPI, 2019-09-19) Sotos-Prieto, Mercedes; Christophi, Costas; Black, Alicen; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Song, Yiqing; Magiatis, Prokopios; Papakonstantinou, Aikaterini; Melliou, Eleni; Moffatt, Steven; Kales, Stefanos N.; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Collecting dietary intake data is associated with challenges due to the subjective nature of self-administered instruments. Biomarkers may objectively estimate the consumption of specific dietary items or help assess compliance in dietary intervention studies. Our aim was to use a panel of plasma and urine biomarkers to assess the validity of self-reported dietary intake using a modified Mediterranean Diet Scale (mMDS) among firefighters participating in Feeding America's Bravest (FAB), an MD cluster-randomized controlled trial. In our nested biomarker pilot study, participants were randomly selected from both the MD intervention group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 24) after 12-months of dietary intervention. At baseline data collection for the pilot study (t = 12-months of FAB), participants in the control group crossed-over to receive the MD intervention (active intervention) for 6-months. Participants in the intervention group continued in a self-sustained continuation phase (SSP) of the intervention. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 13-item-mMDS questionnaires, 40 plasma fatty acids, inflammatory biomarkers and urinary hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were analyzed at both time points. Spearman's correlation, t-tests and linear regression coefficients were calculated using SAS software. Overall, the mMDS derived from the FFQ was highly correlated with the specific 13-domain-mMDS (r = 0.74). The concordance between the two questionnaires for low and high adherence to MD was high for all the participants in the parent trial (κ = 0.76). After 6 months of intervention in the pilot study, plasma saturated fatty acid decreased in both groups (active intervention: -1.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.002; SSP: -1.12 ± 1.90; p = 0.014) and oleic acid improved in the SSP (p = 0.013). Intake of olive oil was positively associated with plasma omega-3 (p = 0.004) and negatively with TNF-α (p < 0.001) at baseline. Choosing olive oil as a type of fat was also associated with higher levels of plasma omega-3 (p = 0.019) at baseline and lower TNF-α (p = 0.023) at follow up. Intake of red and processed meats were associated with lower serum omega-3 (p = 0.04) and fish consumption was associated with lower IL-6 at baseline (p = 0.022). The overall mMDS was associated with an increase in plasma omega-3 (p = 0.021). Good correlation was found between nutrient intake from the FFQ and the corresponding plasma biomarkers (omega-3, EPA and DHA). In this MD randomized controlled trial, some key plasma biomarkers were significantly associated with key MD diet components and the overall mMDS supporting the validity of the mMDS questionnaire as well as compliance with the intervention.
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    Association Between MIND Diet Score and Cortical Thickness in an Aging Population
    (Wiley, 2025-01-09) Dempsey, Desarae A.; Apostolova, Liana G.; Brosch, Jared R.; Clark, David G.; Farlow, Martin R.; Mathew, Sunu; Unverzagt, Frederick; Wang, Sophia; Gao, Sujuan; Clark, Daniel; Saykin, Andrew J.; Risacher, Shannon L.; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Background The Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased brain atrophy (Staubo et al. 2016,Alz&Dem), but the MIND (Mediterranean‐Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, designed for dementia prevention (Morris et al. 2015, Alz&Dem), remains underexplored for its impact on brain atrophy. We investigated the MIND diet’s association with cortical thickness (CT) in the Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (IADRC) sample. Methods 134 participants (49 CN, 45 SCD, 30 MCI, 10 AD/other) completed a self‐report MIND diet questionnaire at the IADRC, which was coded into high, medium, or low intake groups for each food (5 ‘unhealthy’ food groups were reverse scored) and completed an MRI scan on a 3T scanner. The cortical surface was parcellated using FreeSurfer v6. We selected two regions of interest (ROIs) reflecting AD‐associated neurodegeneration: temporal and global CT. We examined the association of MIND diet scores (0‐15) and food groups with CT using regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and diagnosis. Results Higher MIND diet scores were associated with greater mean temporal CT (r = 0.269, p = 0.002) and greater mean global CT (r = 0.230, p = 0.008). In multivariable‐adjusted models, the association persisted for temporal but not global CT. Among the 15 food components, greater olive oil (r = 0.034, p<0.001), fish (r = 0.181, p = 0.040), beans (r = 0.237, p = 0.008), and nuts (r = 0.214, p = 0.014), and reduced fast food intake (r = 0.188, p = 0.035) were significantly associated with temporal CT. These associations, except for nuts, remained significant in multivariable‐adjusted models, with an additional relationship found for chicken (r = 0.189, p = 0.038). Among the 15 food components, greater olive oil (r = 0.243, p = 0.008), and beans (0.180, p = 0.044), and reduced fast food (r = 0.212, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with global CT. Only reduced fast food retained significance in the multivariable‐adjusted models. Conclusions Greater adherence to the MIND diet was associated with greater CT in both global and temporal regions. Specific components, including increased olive oil, beans, nuts, fish, and reduced fast food, showed significant associations with CT, suggesting elements within the diet driving this association. These findings highlight the potential neuroprotective effects of the MIND diet, emphasizing the importance of dietary patterns in preserving brain health during aging.
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    Efficacy of Dietary Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
    (MDPI, 2024-12-11) Haghbin, Hossein; Hasan, Fariha; Gangwani, Manesh Kumar; Zakirkhodjaev, Nurruddinkhodja; Lee-Smith, Wade; Beran, Azizullah; Kamal, Faisal; Hart, Benjamin; Aziz, Muhammad; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that alters the quality of life of patients. A variety of dietary interventions have been introduced to address this debilitating condition. The low-FODMAP diet (LFD), gluten-free diet (GFD), and Mediterranean diet are examples showing efficacy. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to compare these interventions to find the best approach. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the available literature through 14 March 2024 in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE OVID, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Central. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used a random effects model and conducted a direct meta-analysis based on the DerSimonian-Laird approach and a network meta-analysis based on the frequentist approach. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The primary outcomes included IBS quality of life (IBS QOL) and IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS). Results: We finalized 23 studies including 1689 IBS patients. In the direct meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in any IBS score between GFD and either LFD or standard diet. Meanwhile, the LFD was statistically superior to the standard diet in the IBS-SSS (MD: -46.29, CI: -63.72--28.86, p < 0.01) and IBS QOL (MD: 4.06, CI: 0.72-7.41, p = 0.02). On ranking, the Mediterranean diet showed the greatest improvement in IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, distension, dissatisfaction, and general life interference, followed by the LFD alone or in combination with the GFD. Conclusions: We demonstrated the efficacy of dietary interventions such as the LFD and Mediterranean diet in improving IBS. There is a need for large RCTs with head-to-head comparisons, particularly for the Mediterranean diet.
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    Metabolic Biomarkers of Mediterranean Diet in Pregnant Women
    (Elsevier, 2021) Dai, Jin; Chen, Liwei; Fei, Zhe; Liu, Xinyue; Zhu, Yeyi; Hinkle, Stefanie N.; Wu, Jing; Lu, Ruijin; Rahman, Mohammad L.; Chen, Zhen; Song, Yiqing; Zhang, Cuilin; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Objectives: Using an untargeted approach to identify plasma metabolomics signature of the Mediterranean diet, a healthful dietary pattern related to both maternal and fetal outcomes, in pregnancy. Methods: This study included 193 pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons (FGS) cohort who had habitual dietary intake in the past three months measured at 8–13 gestational weeks (GW) by the semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire. Fasting plasma metabolomics profiles at 15–26 GW were measured by the high-throughput liquid chromatography quadrupole time of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS/MS). Metabolites were re-scaled to a median of 1 for each batch and log transformed. Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score was calculated by eight food and nutrient components (i.e., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, fish, legumes, red and processed meats, and monounsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio), with a higher score indicating a better adherence. Prospective associations of aMED score in peri-conception and early pregnancy with individual metabolites at 15–26 GW were estimated using the linear regression adjusting for potential confounders and multiple testing. LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression with 10-fold cross-validation was performed to select metabolites that were jointly associated with high aMED score (defined as the top tertile). All statistical analyses were weighted to represent the entire FGS cohort. Results: A total of 460 known metabolites were profiled and annotated. Six metabolites were selected as the biomarkers of high aMED score by the LASSO regression (i.e., with no-zero coefficients). Among them, glutamic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid were negatively whereas PC (40:7), CE (20:5), TG (49:1), and TG (58:4) were positively associated with aMED score. The six biomarkers were also confirmed by the linear regression with false discovery rates < 0.1. Conclusions: Our study is the first one conducted in pregnant women using the untargeted metabolomics approach and we newly identified several biomarkers of Mediterranean diet in pregnant women. Results from this study warrant the replication by future studies.
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    A Randomized Trial Comparing the Specific Carbohydrate Diet to a Mediterranean Diet in Adults with Crohn’s Disease
    (Science Direct, 2021-09-01) Lewis, James D.; Sandler, Robert; Brotherton, Carol; Brensinger, Colleen; Li, Hongzhe; Kappelman, Michael D.; Daniel, Scott G.; Bittinger, Kyle; Albenberg, Lindsey; Valentine, John F.; Hanson, John; Suskind, David; Meyer, Andrea; Compher, Charlene W.; Bewtra, Meenakshi; Saxena, Akriti; Dobes, Angela; Cohen, Benjamin; Flynn, Ann D.; Fischer, Monika; Saha, Sumona; Swaminath, Arun; Yacyshyn, Bruce; Scherl, Ellen; Horst, Sara; Curtis, Jeffrey R.; Braly, Kimberly; Nessel, Lisa; McCauley, Maureen; Herfarth, Hans; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background & Aims This study compared the effectiveness of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) as treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD) with mild to moderate symptoms. Methods Adult patients with CD and with mild-moderate symptoms were randomly assigned 1:1 to consume the MD or SCD for 12 weeks. For the first 6-weeks, participants received prepared meals and snacks according to their assigned diet. After 6-weeks, participants were instructed to follow the diet independently. The primary outcome was symptomatic remission at week 6. Key secondary outcomes at week 6 included: fecal calprotectin (FC) response (FC <250 μg/g and reduction by >50% among those with baseline FC >250 μg/g) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) response (high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) <5 mg/L and >50% reduction from baseline among those with hsCRP >5mg/L). Results 194 patients were randomized, and 191 were included in the efficacy analyses. The percentage of participants who achieved symptomatic remission at week 6 was not superior with SCD (SCD 46.5%, MD 43.5%; P = .77). FC response was achieved in 8/23 participants (34.8%) with SCD and 4/13 participants (30.8%) with MD (P = .83). CRP response was achieved in 2/37 participants (5.4%) with SCD and 1/28 participant (3.6%) with MD (P = .68). Conclusions SCD was not superior to MD to achieve symptomatic remission, FC response and CRP response. CRP response was uncommon. Given these results, the greater ease of following the MD, and other health benefits associated with MD, the MD may be preferred to the SCD for most patients with CD with mild to moderate symptoms.