Browsing by Subject "Malakoplakia"

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    Infectious Diseases
    (Springer Nature, 2018) Zhang, Chen; Myers, Jeffrey L.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Pulmonary infections are caused by a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The most common lung infections in immunocompetent hosts are caused by pyogenic bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae), common respiratory viruses, and mycoplasma. These infections are usually diagnosed by clinical and microbiologic studies, including cultures and serology tests. Lung biopsy is rarely used in these diagnoses. Patients with life-threatening pneumonia, especially those who are immunocompromised, are more likely to undergo lung biopsy to rule out unusual infections not easily diagnosed using conventional microbiologic methods and for which treatment strategies may be different. Pathogens more likely to be diagnosed using lung biopsy for which there are characteristic pathologic changes are highlighted in this chapter and listed in Table 4.1.
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    Malakoplakia in the Urinary Bladder of 4 Puppies
    (Sage, 2021) Davis, Katelin L.; Cheng, Liang; Ramos-Vara, José; Sánchez, Melissa D.; Wilkes, Rebecca P.; Sola, Mario F.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Malakoplakia in humans most often affects the urinary bladder and is characterized by inflammation with von Hansemann–type macrophages, with or without Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, and is frequently associated with Escherichia coli infection. We describe the microscopic features of malakoplakia in the urinary bladder of 4 puppies. In all cases, the lamina propria of the urinary bladder was markedly expanded by sheets of large, round to polygonal macrophages with intracytoplasmic, periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules and granular inclusions, and rare Prussian blue–positive inclusions. Macrophages were positive for CD18 and Iba1. In 2 cases, Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were detected with hematoxylin and eosin stain and were best demonstrated with von Kossa stain. E. coli infection was confirmed in 2 cases with bacterial culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Transmission electron microscopy of one case demonstrated macrophages with abundant lysosomes, phagolysosomes, and rod-shaped bacteria. Microscopic features were similar to human cases of malakoplakia. In dogs, the light microscopic characteristics of malakoplakia closely resemble granular cell tumors and histiocytic ulcerative colitis.