Browsing by Subject "Longitudinal study"
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Item Change in Decision-Making Analysis and Preferences in Old Age(Oxford University Press, 2023) Wilson, Robert S.; Yu, Lei; Stewart, Christopher C.; Bennett, David A.; Boyle, Patricia A.; Neurology, School of MedicineObjectives: To test the hypotheses that decision making ability declines in old age and that a higher level of cognitive reserve is associated with a reduced rate of decline. Methods: As part of an ongoing cohort study, 982 older adults without dementia at study enrollment completed measures of purpose in life and cognitive activity which were used as markers of cognitive reserve. At annual intervals thereafter, they completed 6 tests of decision making. Results: In a factor analysis of baseline decision making scores, 3 measures (financial/health literacy, financial/health decision making, scam susceptibility) loaded on an "analytic" factor and 3 (temporal discounting small stakes, temporal discounting large stakes, risk aversion) loaded on a "preferences" (for temporal discounting and avoiding risk) factor. During a mean of 4.7 years of follow-up (standard deviation = 2.9), analytic factor scores decreased (mean = 0.042-unit per year, standard error [SE] = 0.006, p < .001) and preferences factor scores increased (mean = 0.021-unit per year, SE = 0.006, p < .001), with a correlation of 0.13 (p < .001) between rates of change. Evidence of an association between cognitive reserve and decision making was mixed with purpose in life related to change in analytic decision making, whereas past (but not current) cognitive activity was related to change in decision making preferences. Discussion: Decision making analysis and preferences change over time in late life. Change over time in decision making components is relatively independent and differentially related to age and cognitive reserve.Item Human papillomavirus vaccine-related risk perceptions and subsequent sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections among vaccinated adolescent women(Elsevier, 2016-07-25) Kowalczyk Mullins, Tanya L.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Rosenthal, Susan L.; Morrow, Charlene; Ding, Lili; Huang, Bin; Kahn, Jessica A.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineOBJECTIVE: To examine the association between risk perceptions after human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis over 30months following vaccination. METHODS: Participants included 112 sexually experienced girls aged 13-21years who were enrolled at the time of first HPV vaccination and completed ⩾2 of 4 follow-up visits at 2, 6, 18, 30months and including 30months. At each visit, participants completed surveys assessing risk perceptions (perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, perceived risk of STIs other than HPV) and sexual behaviors. STI testing was done at 6, 18, and 30months. Outcomes were condom use at last intercourse with main male partner, number of sexual partners since last study visit, and STI diagnosis. Associations between risk perceptions and sexual behaviors/STIs were examined using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS: Mean age was 17.9years; 88% were Black; 49% had a history of STI at baseline. Scale scores for perceived need for safer sexual behaviors did not change significantly over time. Scale scores for perceived risk of STIs other than HPV significantly changed (p=0.027), indicating that girls perceived themselves to be more at risk of STIs other than HPV over 30months following vaccination. Multivariable models demonstrated that greater perceived need for safer sexual behaviors following vaccination was associated with condom use (p=0.002) but not with number of partners or STI diagnosis. Perceived risk of STIs other than HPV was not associated with the three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that perceived risk for STIs other than HPV was not associated with subsequent sexual behaviors or STI diagnosis is reassuring. The association between perceived need for safer sexual behaviors and subsequent condom use suggests that the HPV vaccination visit is an important opportunity to reiterate the importance of safer sexual behaviors to sexually experienced girls.Item Human Papillomavirus Vaccine-Related Risk Perceptions Do Not Predict Sexual Initiation Among Young Women Over 30 Months Following Vaccination(Elsevier, 2018-02) Mullins, Tanya L. Kowalczyk; Rosenthal, Susan L.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Ding, Lili; Morrow, Charlene; Huang, Bin; Kahn, Jessica A.; School of NursingPURPOSE: We examined longitudinally the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-related risk perceptions and initiation of sexual activity among adolescent women over 30 months after HPV vaccination. METHODS: Participants included 91 sexually inexperienced women aged 13-21 years receiving the HPV vaccine who completed at least three of five study visits. At every visit, participants completed surveys assessing HPV vaccine-related risk perceptions (perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections [STIs] other than HPV, perceived need for safer sexual behaviors), and sexual initiation. Outcomes were sexual initiation and age of sexual initiation. Associations between risk perceptions and outcomes were examined using ordered logistic regression models for sexual initiation and interval censored survival analyses for age of sexual initiation. RESULTS: Mean age at baseline was 14.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 1.4). Most participants perceived themselves to be at risk of STIs other than HPV (mean scale score = 4.0/10; SD 2.1) and perceived a need for safer sexual behaviors (mean scale score = 1.5/10; SD 1.5). By 30 months, 65 participants (78%) initiated sex. Perceived risk of STIs and perceived need for safer sexual behaviors were not associated with sexual initiation or age of sexual initiation. Older age at baseline was associated with sooner sexual initiation (p = .02) and older age at sexual initiation (p < .001). Results of ordered logistic regression and survival analyses were unchanged when controlling for baseline age. CONCLUSIONS: HPV vaccine-related risk perceptions were not associated with sexual initiation or age of sexual initiation, providing further support that HPV vaccine-related risk perceptions are unlikely to lead to riskier sexual behaviors.Item Left ventricular mass and incident chronic kidney disease(American Heart Association, 2020-03) Agarwal, Rajiv; Song, Rebecca Jung; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Xanthakis, Vanessa; Medicine, School of MedicineChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether subclinical cardiovascular disease and target organ damage is associated with incident CKD is unknown. We investigated the relations of echocardiographic left ventricular mass (LVM) with incident CKD. We evaluated 2258 Framingham Offspring cohort participants (mean age, 57 years; 56% women) who underwent echocardiography at a routine examination and had an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. We used Cox proportional hazards regression with discrete time intervals to relate sex-standardized LVM (independent variable) to the incidence of CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 L/min per 1.73 m2, on follow-up. During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 373 (16.5%) participants developed incident CKD. Higher LVM was associated with higher risk of CKD after adjusting for prevalent cardiovascular disease, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, antihypertensive medication, smoking, and diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.03-1.29]; P=0.017) per 1-SD increase in LVM g/m2. Further adjustment for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04-1.31]; P=0.010) and baseline urine albumin/creatinine ratio (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.04-1.33]; P=0.009) slightly attenuated the association. In our community-based sample, LVM was associated with incident CKD prospectively, which suggests that the relations between CKD and subclinical cardiovascular disease may be bidirectional. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.Item Longitudinal analysis of symptoms in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes(Wiley, 2022) Schubart, Jane R.; Mills, Susan E.; Schaefer, Eric W.; Bascom, Rebecca; Francomano, Clair A.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineOur study extends a cross-sectional dataset on the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) assembled by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), under a protocol entitled Clinical and Molecular Manifestations of Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue. We were successful in contacting 171 of the original 252 participants with EDS. Our study cohort included 91 participants who completed at least one of the following surveys: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, at both baseline and follow-up. Follow-up surveys occurred a median of 11.6 years after the baseline survey. We used mixed effects linear regression models to examine the change in scores for multiple indices reported by participants. There were small mean changes reflected in our estimates for the EDS population as a whole. There was wide heterogeneity between reported individual experiences, with some participants markedly improved and some dramatically worse. Men had a greater increase in mean pain severity over time than women. This is the first study to report a decade of longitudinal data in EDS.Item Longitudinal Genotype-Phenotype Association Study via Temporal Structure Auto-Learning Predictive Model(Springer, 2017-05) Wang, Xiaoqian; Yan, Jingwen; Yao, Xiaohui; Kim, Sungeun; Nho, Kwangsik; Risacher, Shannon L.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Shen, Li; Huang, Heng; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineWith rapid progress in high-throughput genotyping and neuroimaging, imaging genetics has gained significant attention in the research of complex brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The genotype-phenotype association study using imaging genetic data has the potential to reveal genetic basis and biological mechanism of brain structure and function. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, thus, it is crucial to look into the relations between SNPs and longitudinal variations of neuroimaging phenotypes. Although some machine learning models were newly presented to capture the longitudinal patterns in genotype-phenotype association study, most of them required fixed longitudinal structures of prediction tasks and could not automatically learn the interrelations among longitudinal prediction tasks. To address this challenge, we proposed a novel temporal structure auto-learning model to automatically uncover longitudinal genotype-phenotype interrelations and utilized such interrelated structures to enhance phenotype prediction in the meantime. We conducted longitudinal phenotype prediction experiments on the ADNI cohort including 3,123 SNPs and 2 types of biomarkers, VBM and FreeSurfer. Empirical results demonstrated advantages of our proposed model over the counterparts. Moreover, available literature was identified for our top selected SNPs, which demonstrated the rationality of our prediction results. An executable program is available online at https://github.com/littleq1991/sparse_lowRank_regression.Item Longitudinal Patterns of Strengths among Youth with Psychiatric Disorders: A Latent Profile Transition Analysis(2024-09) Walton, Betty; Hong, Saahoon; Kwon, Hyejean; Kim, Hea-Won; Moynihan, StephanieHuman service agencies have historically prioritized interventions mitigating risks rather than leveraging youth and family strengths. For youth with psychiatric disorders, better understanding the variability of strengths is crucial. Strength-based interventions include many dimensions: family strengths, interpersonal relationships, optimism, spirituality, talents and interests, educational setting, involvement in care, natural supports, community engagement, and resilience. A study examined how strengths were related to recovery. This research brief summarizes the study's findings and implications for child behavioral health services.Item Prior Sexual Trauma Exposure Impacts Posttraumatic Dysfunction and Neural Circuitry Following a Recent Traumatic Event in the AURORA Study(Elsevier, 2023-02-16) Rowland, Grace E.; Roeckner, Alyssa; Ely, Timothy D.; Lebois, Lauren A. M.; van Rooij, Sanne J. H.; Bruce, Steven E.; Jovanovic, Tanja; House, Stacey L.; Beaudoin, Francesca L.; An, Xinming; Neylan, Thomas C.; Clifford, Gari D.; Linnstaedt, Sarah D.; Germine, Laura T.; Rauch, Scott L.; Haran, John P.; Storrow, Alan B.; Lewandowski, Christopher; Musey, Paul I., Jr.; Hendry, Phyllis L.; Sheikh, Sophia; Jones, Christopher W.; Punches, Brittany E.; Kurz, Michael C.; Gentile, Nina T.; Hudak, Lauren A.; Pascual, Jose L.; Seamon, Mark J.; Harris, Erica; Pearson, Claire; Merchant, Roland C.; Domeier, Robert M.; Rathlev, Niels K.; Sergot, Paulina; Sanchez, Leon D.; Miller, Mark W.; Pietrzak, Robert H.; Joormann, Jutta; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Sheridan, John F.; Smoller, Jordan W.; Harte, Steven E.; Elliott, James M.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Koenen, Karestan C.; McLean, Samuel A.; Ressler, Kerry J.; Stevens, Jennifer S.; Harnett, Nathaniel G.; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineBackground: Prior sexual trauma (ST) is associated with greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after a subsequent traumatic event; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain opaque. We investigated longitudinal posttraumatic dysfunction and amygdala functional dynamics following admission to an emergency department for new primarily nonsexual trauma in participants with and without previous ST. Methods: Participants (N = 2178) were recruited following acute trauma exposure (primarily motor vehicle collision). A subset (n = 242) completed magnetic resonance imaging that included a fearful faces task and a resting-state scan 2 weeks after the trauma. We investigated associations between prior ST and several dimensions of posttraumatic symptoms over 6 months. We further assessed amygdala activation and connectivity differences between groups with or without prior ST. Results: Prior ST was associated with greater posttraumatic depression (F1,1120 = 28.35, p = 1.22 × 10-7, ηp2 = 0.06), anxiety (F1,1113 = 17.43, p = 3.21 × 10-5, ηp2 = 0.05), and posttraumatic stress disorder (F1,1027 = 11.34, p = 7.85 × 10-4, ηp2 = 0.04) severity and more maladaptive beliefs about pain (F1,1113 = 8.51, p = .004, ηp2 = 0.02) but was not related to amygdala reactivity to fearful versus neutral faces (all ps > .05). A secondary analysis revealed an interaction between ST and lifetime trauma load on the left amygdala to visual cortex connectivity (peak Z value: -4.41, corrected p < .02). Conclusions: Findings suggest that prior ST is associated with heightened posttraumatic dysfunction following a new trauma exposure but not increased amygdala activity. In addition, ST may interact with lifetime trauma load to alter neural circuitry in visual processing regions following acute trauma exposure. Further research should probe the relationship between trauma type and visual circuitry in the acute aftermath of trauma.Item Risk of Alzheimer's disease is associated with longitudinal changes in plasma biomarkers in the multi‐ethnic Washington Heights–Hamilton Heights–Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) cohort(Wiley, 2024) Gu, Yian; Honig, Lawrence S.; Kang, Min Suk; Bahl, Aanya; Sanchez, Danurys; Reyes-Dumeyer, Dolly; Manly, Jennifer J.; Dage, Jeffrey L.; Lantigua, Rafael A.; Brickman, Adam M.; Vardarajan, Badri N.; Mayeux, Richard; Neurology, School of MedicineBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers can help differentiate cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. The role of AD biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment and AD needs examination. Methods: In 628 CU individuals from a multi-ethnic cohort, amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured in plasma. Results: Higher baseline levels of p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio were associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. A biomarker pattern (with elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 but low p-tau181/Aβ42) was associated with decreased dementia risk. Compared to CU, participants who developed MCI or dementia had a rapid decrease in this protective biomarker pattern reflecting AD-specific pathological change. Discussion: Elevated levels of AD biomarker p-tau181/Aβ42, by itself or combined with a low Aβ42/Aβ40 level, predicts clinically diagnosed AD. Individuals with a rapid change in these biomarkers may need close monitoring for the potential downward trajectory of cognition. Highlights: We discuss a multi-ethnic, urban community study of elderly individuals. The study consisted of a longitudinal assessment over 6 years with repeated clinical assessments. The study used blood-based biomarkers as predictors of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.Item Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with cognitive decline at Alzheimer's disease conversion within mild cognitive impairment patients(Elsevier, 2017-04-23) Lee, Eunjee; Giovanello, Kelly S.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Xie, Fengchang; Kong, Dehan; Wang, Yue; Yang, Liuqing; Ibrahim, Joseph G.; Doraiswamy, P. Murali; Zhu, Hongtu; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IU School of MedicineINTRODUCTION: The growing public threat of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has raised the urgency to quantify the degree of cognitive decline during the conversion process of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD and its underlying genetic pathway. The aim of this article was to test genetic common variants associated with accelerated cognitive decline after the conversion of MCI to AD. METHODS: In 583 subjects with MCI enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; ADNI-1, ADNI-Go, and ADNI-2), 245 MCI participants converted to AD at follow-up. We tested the interaction effects between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and AD diagnosis trajectory on the longitudinal Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition scores. RESULTS: Our findings reveal six genes, including BDH1, ST6GAL1, RAB20, PDS5B, ADARB2, and SPSB1, which are directly or indirectly related to MCI conversion to AD. DISCUSSION: This genome-wide association study sheds light on a genetic mechanism of longitudinal cognitive changes during the transition period from MCI to AD.