Browsing by Subject "Korean War, 1950-1953"

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    One Degree of Separation: John Malone Howard, MD, Father of Pancreatology
    (2021-04-19) Zyromski, Nicholas J.
    Presentation slides for lecture delivered by Nicholas J. Zyromski, MD (Professor of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine) on April 19, 2021. John M. Howard, MD (1919-2011) was a giant in surgery and his many contributions include directing the U.S. Army’s MASH research unit during the Korean conflict and expanding this work to developing the U.S. Trauma Systems (for the latter, he was awarded the presidential Legion of Merit). Dr. Howard was an international leader and one of the fathers of pancreatology. His work with the pancreas included describing and highlighting the importance of gallstones in pancreatitis pathogenesis, and perhaps most notably his dedication and tenacity with pancreatic head resection. Dr. Nicholas Zyromski was fortunate to call Dr. Howard a mentor and friend; this talk will touch on some of Dr. Howard’s life highlights, including his passion for scholarship and lifetime lessons. Presentation recording available online: https://purl.dlib.indiana.edu/iudl/media/f26811rx4p
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    "Wake up! Sign up! Look up!" : organizing and redefining civil defense through the Ground Observer Corps, 1949-1959
    (2013) Poletika, Nicole Marie; Monroe, Elizabeth Brand, 1947-; Cramer, Kevin; Gantz, Richard A. (Richard Alan), 1946-
    In the early 1950s, President Dwight Eisenhower encouraged citizens to “Wake Up! Sign Up! Look Up!” to the Soviet atomic threat by joining the Ground Observer Corps (GOC). Established by the United States Air Force (USAF), the GOC involved civilian volunteers surveying the skies for Soviet aircraft via watchtowers, alerting the Air Force if they suspected threatening aircraft. This thesis examines the 1950s response to the longstanding problem posed by the invention of any new weapon: how to adapt defensive technology to meet the potential threat. In the case of the early Cold War period, the GOC was the USAF’s best, albeit faulty, defense option against a weapon that did not discriminate between soldiers and citizens and rendered traditional ground troops useless. After the Korean War, Air Force officials promoted the GOC for its espousal of volunteerism and individualism. Encouraged to take ownership of the program, observers appropriated the GOC for their personal and community needs, comprised of social gatherings and policing activities, thus greatly expanding the USAF’s original objectives.