Browsing by Subject "Japan"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Country Report 2018: Japan
    (2018) Yoshioka, Takayuki; Onishi, Tamaki
    In Japan, freedom of assembly, association, and expression are guaranteed under the Constitution, and there are many laws under which individuals can incorporate nonprofit organizations. The primary law for private foundations and associations is the 2008 Act on General Nonprofit Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (⼀般社団法⼈及び⼀般財団法⼈ に関する法律). As guaranteed by this law, General Nonprofit Corporations (GNCs), which consist of General Nonprofit Incorporated Associations and Foundations, can be easily established without approval from the government and registered with a registry office. The cost is roughly 120,000 JPY (about US $1,050). As of November 2017, there are approximately 47,000 GNC Associations and 7,000 GNC Foundations (National Tax Agency figures).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Early SNS-based monitoring system for the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan: a population-level observational study
    (Japan Epidemiological Association, 2020-05-30) Yoneoka, Daisuke; Kawashima, Takayuki; Tanoue, Yuta; Nomura, Shuhei; Ejima, Keisuke; Shi, Shoi; Eguchi, Akifumi; Taniguchi, Toshibumi; Sakamoto, Haruka; Kunishima, Hiroyuki; Gilmour, Stuart; Nishiura, Hiroshi; Miyata, Hiroaki; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Background: The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Large-scale monitoring for capturing the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Japan would improve preparation for and prevention of a massive outbreak. Methods: A chatbot-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was developed using the LINE app to evaluate the current Japanese epidemiological situation. LINE users could participate in the system either though a QR code page in the prefecture’s website, or a banner at the top of the LINE app screen. COOPERA asked participants questions regarding personal information, preventive actions, and non-specific symptoms related to COVID-19 and their duration. We calculated daily cross correlation functions between the reported number of infected cases confirmed by PCR and the symptom-positive group captured by COOPERA. Results: We analyzed 206,218 participants from three prefectures reported between March 5 and 30, 2020. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 44.2 (13.2). No symptoms were reported by 96.93% of participants, but there was a significantly positive correlation between the reported number of COVID-19 cases and self-reported fevers, suggesting that massive monitoring of fever might help to estimate the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in real time. Conclusions: COOPERA is the first real-time system being used to monitor trends in COVID-19 in Japan, and provides useful insights to assist political decisions to tackle the epidemic.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluation of Abicipar Pegol (an Anti-VEGF DARPin Therapeutic) in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Studies in Japan and the United States
    (Slack, 2019-02) Kunimoto, Derek; Ohji, Masahito; Maturi, Raj K.; Sekiryu, Tetsuju; Wang, Ying; Pan, Grace; Li, Xiao-Yan; Schneider, Susan; Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate comparability of abicipar pegol (abicipar) effects in patients with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in Japan and the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, 20-week studies (BAMBOO, Japan; CYPRESS, United States). Patients (n = 25 each study) received three monthly intravitreal injections of abicipar 1 mg or 2 mg or five monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab 0.5 mg. RESULTS: Mean best-corrected visual acuity change from baseline at week 16 (primary endpoint) for abicipar 1 mg, abicipar 2 mg, and ranibizumab was +7.8 letters, +8.9 letters, and +17.4 letters (BAMBOO); +4.4 letters, +10.1 letters, and +15.2 letters (CYPRESS). Mean central retinal thickness change from baseline was −187.3 μm, −196.5 μm, and −230.4 μm (BAMBOO); −106.5 μm, −112.8 μm, and −124.4 μm (CYPRESS). Uveitis or vitritis was reported in three abicipar-treated patients. CONCLUSION: Abicipar demonstrated extended duration of effect and safety that were comparable between Japanese and non-Japanese patients with nAMD. Abicipar effectively treated Japanese patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Exploring Cultural Differences in Children’s Artistic Development: Comparing the United States and Japan
    (2024) Barannikova, Larisa; Misluk, Eileen; Anderson, Myrdene
    This research investigates the impact of culture on artistic development in elementary school children in the United States and Japan. A quantitative study collected drawings from six children in each of the elementary school grades of one, three, and five from both countries and rated each drawing on four developmental measures. The analysis found that children’s drawings in both cultures showed similar developmental levels according to Lowenfeld’s Stages of Artistic Development. It also found that children’s drawings in Japan in all grades had higher levels of detail and manga influence in their figure drawings compared to children in the United States. Finally, the drawings of children in Japan showed forms of spatial representation that were distinct from those of children in the United States and were not accounted for by Lowenfeld’s framework. Due to the small sample size of this study, further research is needed to assess the generalizability of these findings.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Philanthropy in the United States and Japan Shibusawa Eiichi’s Lifetime (1840-1931)
    (2023) Badertscher, Katherine; Burlingame, Dwight; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    This study illuminates the context of American philanthropy from the late-nineteenth through the early-twentieth century, the lifetime of Shibusawa Eiichi, one of the world’s greatest philanthropists. Japan and the U.S. have much in common: modern economies that emerged from civil war, industrialization, wealth accumulation, and sophisticated philanthropy. Yet our investigation of the notions of public good and how to give morally reveals important, nuanced differences across the Pacific Ocean. Shibusawa Eiichi’s views on capitalism, and how one was to implement moral and ethical codes in the practice of business and philanthropy, can inform scholars and practitioners about their work today especially in “Corporate Social Responsibility” understood internally within a business as well as in the global societal context.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Small and Tall: Sumi-e on Fans and Screens
    (The Sumi-e Society of America, Inc., 2023) Hook , Sara Anne
    This article provides an overview of the tradition of sumi-e painting on fans and screens.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The 2025 Global Philanthropy Environment Index Japan
    (Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2025) Yoshioka, Takayuki
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Whole genome sequence‐based association of cognitive decline and retinal thickness in the Japanese population
    (Wiley, 2025-01-09) Taira, Makiko; Fuse, Nobuo; Saykin, Andrew J.; Nagami, Fuji; Kinoshita, Kengo; Yamamoto, Masayuki; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Background: Dementia is age‐related with a significant genetic contribution, yet genome‐wide association studies have not fully accounted for heritability. This discrepancy may in part be due to reliance on SNPs and small indels. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data in the Japanese population may reveal population‐specific susceptibility loci for dementia. Retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is noninvasive, reproducible, and can detect thinning associated with progressive neurodegeneration. Association of population‐specific genetic susceptibility loci with retinal thinning and cognitive decline may reveal novel aspects of dementia risk and pathophysiology. Method: Among participants with WGS data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) Ophthalmology Study ("ToMMo Eye Study"), individuals with adequate quality data on retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness from spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) scans were selected. Since retinal thinning also occurs in glaucoma, we performed a GWAS using age, sex, and 10 principal components as covariates using SAGE1.2 to obtain a set of genes responsible for glaucoma and confirm that the genotyping was successful. We then attempted to identify susceptibility loci for cognitive decline by using (1) the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Japanese version (MMSE‐J), (2) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Japanese version (MoCA‐J), and (3) the Mini‐COG© (a simple screening for early detection of dementia, Japanese version) scores as associated factors, respectively. Furthermore, these validation results were also compared with those obtained from GWAS using imputation data performed on custom arrays (Japonica ArrayTM, v2 or NEO) for Japanese. Result: 84 significant (p < 5.0E‐8) genome‐wide susceptibility loci (hg38) of RNFL were detected on 14K WGS‐based study (the top hit locus: Chr14, SIX6 gene, P=4.50E‐46). There were many genetic loci that have already been reported to be associated with glaucoma susceptibility, including the above locus. Among the results of GWAS for cognitive decline combining the three cognitive scores after normalization to z‐scores, several loci have shown significant susceptibility in both of RNFL and cognitive rating scale. Some loci suggested more than a high or moderate effect of altering protein efficacy. Conclusion: We present an initial WGS‐based genetic study of retinal thickness and cognitive decline in the Japanese population.