Browsing by Subject "Intimate partner violence"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Assault-related anoxia and neck injuries in US emergency departments
    (BMJ, 2024-05-20) Khurana, Bharti; Prakash, Jaya; Lewis-Oconnor, Annie; Green, William M.; Rexrode, Katherine; Loder, Randall T.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine
    Background: Early identification of non-fatal strangulation in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial due to its severe physical and psychological consequences for the individual experiencing it. This study investigates the under-reported and underestimated burden of IPV-related non-fatal strangulation by analysing assault-related injuries leading to anoxia and neck injuries. Methods: An IRB-exempt, retrospective review of prospectively collected data were performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Programme data from 2005 to 2019 for all assaults resulting in anoxia and neck injuries. The type and mechanism of assault injuries resulting in anoxia (excluding drowning, poisoning and aspiration), anatomical location of assault-related neck injuries and neck injury diagnosis by morphology, were analysed using statistical methods accounting for the weighted stratified nature of the data. Results: Out of a total of 24 493 518 assault-related injuries, 11.6% (N=2 842 862) resulted from IPV (defined as perpetrators being spouses/partners). Among 22 764 cases of assault-related anoxia, IPV accounted for 40.4%. Inhalation and suffocation were the dominant mechanisms (60.8%) of anoxia, with IPV contributing to 41.9% of such cases. Neck injuries represented only 3.0% of all assault-related injuries, with IPV accounting for 21% of all neck injuries and 31.9% of neck contusions. Conclusions: The study reveals a significant burden of IPV-related anoxia and neck injuries, highlighting the importance of recognising IPV-related strangulation. Comprehensive screening for IPV should be conducted in patients with unexplained neck injuries, and all IPV patients should be screened for strangulation events.
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    Domestic violence and empowerment : a national study of scheduled caste women in India
    (2017-03-17) Khandare, Lalit P.; Adamek, Margaret E.; Bansod, Dhananjay W.; Brown, James R.; Brown, Kevin D.; Reza, Hasan
    Domestic violence (DV) in India is one of the most alarming issues that is experienced by over one-third (36.6%) of non-Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (non SC/ST) women and nearly half (48%) of Scheduled Caste (SC) women (ages 15-49). DV and women’s empowerment are historically interlinked. The patriarchy embedded within social-cultural norms along with economic capability deprivation takes away the freedom of SC women to enjoy bodily safety in public and private spaces. Despite Constitutional measures, SC women continue to face violence-induced capability deprivation due to discrimination at three levels: caste, class, and gender. DV against SC women is an understudied area; there are scarcely any studies on DV in this population using national data. This research used data from the National Family Health Survey-III 2005-2006 (N = 12,069-SC women and N = 45,390- non-SC/ST women). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine DV trends amongst SC and non-SC/ST women. Contrary to the study’s hypothesis, having better empowerment (household-autonomy, healthcare decision-making, sexual-autonomy) increased the likelihood of women experiencing DV. However, the hypothesis relating to economic empowerment and autonomy was supported showing a reduced likelihood of DV. SC women were empowered when they had the capability to earn wages; however, they had no instrumental freedom to spend their own earnings. Similarly, empowerment indicators were shown to impact the likelihood of justifying the violence shaping women’s gender norms and attitudes. When compared with non-SC/ST, SC women who have economic and healthcare autonomy had lower odds of justifying DV. Exposure to DV in childhood, early marriage, and husbands’ alcohol abuse significantly enhanced the likelihood of DV. Across most of the indicators, the intensity of DV amongst SC women was relatively higher than non-SC/ST women. The findings emphasize the need for social work practice and policy to focus not only on empowering women in terms on economic and material well-being through ownership, but also assessing if this ownership have instrumental value in practice without the threat of DV. Future research can enhance understanding of DV by examining social exclusion, socio-cultural patriarchy, and the intersectionality of caste, class, gender, and other individualist and community factors.
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    Effect of the NFL’s Super Bowl on emergency department visits for assault-related injuries
    (Springer, 2024) Khurana, Bharti; Prakash, Jaya; Chopra, Rohan R.; Loder, Randall T.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine
    Purpose: Through its associations with mass gatherings, alcohol consumption, emotional cues, and gambling, the Super Bowl (SB) has been implicated in increased rates of interpersonal violence and assaults. This study endeavors to investigate the relationship between assault-related injuries, especially intimate partner violence (IPV) and SB. Method: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) spanning 2005 to 2017 was conducted. Assault-related injuries were examined in relation to (1) the 4-day Super Bowl weekend (Friday-Monday), (2) Super Bowl Sunday, and (3) the Super Bowl week (Friday-Thursday) for all years, following the loss of the projected winning team (underdog victories), and losses despite a significant point spread favoring one team (upset losses). National estimates of injuries and associated variables were derived using the SUDAAN software. Results: While there were no significant differences in the overall number of assaults or assault types during the SB weekend (5.6% vs 5.5%; p = 0.31), relative decreases were observed for altercations (21.1% vs 24.8%; p < 0.01), sexual assault (3.4% vs 4.0%; p < 0.01), and IPV (8.3% vs 12.5%; p < 0.01) on the Friday preceding SB, and robbery incidents on SB Sunday (2.1% vs 3.5%; p = 0.01). No changes in the incidence of assault-related injuries were found based on the favored or underdog status of the teams, including upset losses. Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, SB was not associated with increased assault-related injuries. This study underscores the need for year-round structural changes in addressing violence rather than relying solely on heightened awareness during specific events.
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    Healthcare worker knowledge and opinion regarding intimate partner violence screening in an academic dermatology clinic: a survey study
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022-08-01) Carr, Christian L.; Rivera, Sydney; Jetelina, Katelyn K.; Mauskar, Melissa; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    The impact of combat deployment experiences on intimate partner violence in the Air Force
    (2017-08-07) Hyer, Steven Matthew; Daley, James G.; Adamek, Margaret E.; Kondrat, David C.; Seybold, Peter
    Intimate partner violence is a problem in the United States (U.S.) military. Previous research has identified factors that increase a couple’s risk for engaging in violence. Most of these factors, such as age, alcohol, and relationship satisfaction are consistent across civilian and military samples. One factor that is unique to military samples is deployment; service members can be exposed to unique traumatic incidents while deployed which are generally unknown to most civilians. Deployments can also increase a service member’s risk for developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can increase their risk for intimate partner violence. Previous research on the effect of deployments on intimate partner violence has produced mixed results. The purpose of this study was to analyze if deployment, total length of deployment, combat experiences from deployment, and PTSD symptoms increased risk for Air Force airmen to perpetrate intimate partner violence at a moderate or severe level of violence. Survey data from a representative sample of active duty Air Force airmen (N = 1,501) was used to conduct Chi-Square analyses and multinomial logistic regression models for perpetrated violence. Results of the study showed that deployment and combat experiences were not significant predictors of perpetrated violence. PTSD symptoms, in addition to alcohol misuse and relationship satisfaction, were significant predictors of moderate and severe perpetrated violence. In terms of practice and policy implications, the study results underscore the importance of widespread screening for these risk factors as well as the availability of interventions focused on alcohol use and relationship issues among service members. Future research could determine if PTSD symptoms moderate the relationship between combat experiences and intimate partner violence.
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    Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Assault, and Child Abuse Resource Utilization During COVID-19
    (Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 2022-07-11) Pallansch, Jennifer; Milam, Claire; Ham, Kendra; Morgan, Patricia; Manning, John; Salzman, Jessica; Kopec, Kathryn; Lewis, Margaret; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Key measures in preventing spread of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are social distancing and stay-at-home mandates. These measures along with other stressors have the potential to increase incidences of intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual assault, and child maltreatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of county police dispatches, emergency department (ED) visits, Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) consults, Domestic Violence Healthcare Project (DVHP) team consults, and Child Protection Team consults at a large, tertiary, Level I trauma center. We queried International Classification of Diseases Revision 10 codes most specific to IPV, sexual assault, and child maltreatment from March-October 2020 compared to 2019. Similarly, the number of consults performed by SANE, DVHP, and our Child Protection Team were collected. We compared all ED visits and consultations to total ED visits for the reviewed time period. Finally, the total number of calls and referrals to a child advocacy center and resource call line for victims were recorded during this timeframe. Results: Police dispatches for IPV-related assaults increased by 266 reports from 2019 to 2020 (P = 0.015). Emergency department visits related to IPV increased from 0.11% of visits in 2019 to 0.15% in 2020 (P = 0.032), and DVHP consults increased from 0.31% in 2019 to 0.48% in 2020 of ED visits in the first three months (P < 0.001). Child maltreatment visits increased from 0.47% of visits in 2019 to 0.81% of visits in 2020 (P = 0.028), and a higher percentage of patients required Child Protection team consults from 1% in 2019 to 1.6% in 2020 (P = 0.004). Sexual assault-related visits and SANE consults both showed a small increase that was not statistically significant. Fewer calls and referrals were made to our child advocacy center and resource call line, decreasing by 99 referrals and 252 calls, respectively. Conclusion: Despite decreased ED volumes throughout the pandemic, we observed an increase in police dispatches, ED visits, and utilization of hospital consult services related to IPV and child maltreatment following the initiation of stay-at-home orders. However, use of community resources, such as the local child advocacy center, declined.
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    Seeing the Forest in Family Violence Research: Moving to a Family-Centered Approach
    (Elsevier, 2020-08) Tiyyagura, Gunjan; Bloemen, Elizabeth M.; Berger, Rachel; Rosen, Tony; Harris, Tara; Jeter, Gloria; Lindberg, Daniel; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Victims of family violence are sorted into fragmented systems that fail to address the family as an integrated unit. Each system provides specialized care to each type of victim (child, older adult, adult, animal) and centers on the expertise of the medical and service providers involved. Similarly, researchers commonly study abuse from the frame of the victim, rather than looking at a broader frame-the family. We propose the following 5 steps to create a research paradigm to holistically address the response, recognition, and prevention of family violence.By developing an integrated research model to address family violence, and by using that model to support integrated systems of care, we propose a fundamental paradigm shift to improve the lives of families living with and suffering from violence.
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    Setting fire to our bed: a look at narrative persuasion through investigating depictions of intimate partner violence
    (2015-09) Masterson, Desirae Sarah; Sandwina, Ronald; Rhodes, Nancy; Dobris, Catherine A.; White-Mills, Kim D.
    This thesis sought to attain a greater understanding of persuasion through narrative. First, a rhetorical analysis was conducted. The rhetorical analysis identified fantasy themes represented in two original music video artifacts. These themes formed what the author calls Symbolic Convergence Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Next, an experiment was conducted to provide further evidence that realistic narrative presentations have a greater ability to shape perceptions than more abstract presentations. Findings included that women were more likely to identify subtle abusive behaviors as abusive then men. However, after exposure to conditions containing the visual portion of the music video “Love the Way You Lie”, both female and male participants were less likely to identify subtle abusive behavior as abusive. This revealed that even though two messages can contain the same themes about the subject of IPV, the way that these messages were presented effected the way in which viewers interpreted the messages.
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    Upper extremity fractures due to intimate partner violence versus accidental causes
    (Springer, 2021-10-09) Khurana, Bharti; Raja, Ali; Dyer, George S. M.; Seltzer, Steven E.; Boland, Giles W.; Harris, Mitchel B.; Tornetta, Paul; Loder, Randall T.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV)-related upper extremity fractures (UEF) in women presenting to US emergency departments (ED) and compare their anatomic location to those due to accidental falls or strikes. METHODS: An Institutional Review Board exempt, retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System's All Injury Program data from 2005 through 2015 for all UEF sustained in women 15 to 54 years old. Injuries based on reported IPV versus accidental falls or strikes were analyzed accounting for the weighted, stratified nature of the data. RESULTS: IPV-related UEF represented 1.7% of all UEF and 27.2% of all IPV fractures. The finger was the most common fracture site in IPV (34.3%) and accidental striking (53.3%) but accounted for only 10% of fall-related UEF. There was a higher proportion of shoulder fractures in IPV (9.2%) compared to accidental falls (7.4%) or strikes (2.9%). The odds of a finger fracture were 4.32 times greater in IPV than falling and of a shoulder fracture were 3.65 greater in IPV than accidental striking (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: While the finger is the most common site for IPV UEF, it is also the most common location for accidental striking. A lower proportion of finger fractures in fall and of shoulder/forearm fractures in accidental striking should prompt the radiologist to discuss the possibility of IPV with the ED physician in any woman presenting with a finger fracture due to fall and a shoulder/forearm fracture with a vague history of accidental striking.