Browsing by Subject "Influenza"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 74
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    BCL6 modulates tissue neutrophil survival and exacerbates pulmonary inflammation following influenza virus infection
    (National Academy of Sciences, 2019-06-11) Zhu, Bibo; Zhang, Ruixuan; Li, Chaofan; Jiang, Li; Xiang, Min; Ye, Zhenqing; Kita, Hirohito; Melnick, Ari M.; Dent, Alexander L.; Sun, Jie; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Neutrophils are vital for antimicrobial defense; however, their role during viral infection is less clear. Furthermore, the molecular regulation of neutrophil fate and function at the viral infected sites is largely elusive. Here we report that BCL6 deficiency in myeloid cells exhibited drastically enhanced host resistance to severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In contrast to the notion that BCL6 functions to suppress innate inflammation, we find that myeloid BCL6 deficiency diminished lung inflammation without affecting viral loads. Using a series of Cre-transgenic, reporter, and knockout mouse lines, we demonstrate that BCL6 deficiency in neutrophils, but not in monocytes or lung macrophages, attenuated host inflammation and morbidity following IAV infection. Mechanistically, BCL6 bound to the neutrophil gene loci involved in cellular apoptosis in cells specifically at the site of infection. As such, BCL6 disruption resulted in increased expression of apoptotic genes in neutrophils in the respiratory tract, but not in the circulation or bone marrow. Consequently, BCL6 deficiency promoted tissue neutrophil apoptosis. Partial neutrophil depletion led to diminished pulmonary inflammation and decreased host morbidity. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role of BCL6 in modulating neutrophil apoptosis at the site of infection for the regulation of host disease development following viral infection. Furthermore, our studies indicate that tissue-specific regulation of neutrophil survival modulates host inflammation and tissue immunopathology during acute respiratory viral infection.
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    Celebrating the 2023 New Year at the time of the tridemic shadow
    (Elsevier, 2023) Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Barry, Mazin; Memish, Ziad A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Cepheid Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV evaluation performed by minimally trained non-laboratory operators in a CLIA-waived environment
    (Elsevier, 2022) Shihabuddin, Bashar S.; Faron, Matthew L.; Relich, Ryan F.; Van Heukelom, Paul; Mayne, Donna; Staat, Mary Allen; Selvarangan, Rangaraj; Hueschen, Leslie A.; Wolk, Donna M.; House, Stacey; Harnett, Glenn; McGann, Kevin; Steele, Mark T.; Romero, Jose R.; Arms, Joe; Lander, Owen; Loeffelholz, Michael; Strouts, Fiona; Cohen, Daniel; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the significance of readily available and easily performed viral testing for surveillance during future infectious pandemics. The objectives of this study were: to assess the performance of the Xpert Xpress Flu and/or RSV test, a multiplex PCR assay for detecting influenza A and B virus and respiratory syncytial virus nucleic acids in respiratory tract specimens, relative to the Quidel Lyra Influenza A+B assay and the Prodesse ProFlu+ assay, and the system's ease of use by minimally trained operators. Overall, the Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV test demonstrated a high positive and negative percent agreement with the comparator assays, and was easy to use and interpret results, based on the operators' feedback. We concluded that the Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV test is sensitive, specific, and easy to use for the diagnosis of influenza and RSV by minimally trained operators and can be a valuable tool in future infectious clusters or pandemics.
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    Child care and preschool pandemic influenza planning checklist
    (2006-03-20) United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    Checklist to prepare child care facilities for an outbreak of pandemic influenza.
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    Colleges and universities pandemic influenza planning checklist
    (2006-03-20) United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    Checklist to prepare colleges and universities for an outbreak of pandemic influenza.
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    Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis
    (Springer, 2024) AlBahrani, Salma; AlZahrani, Samira Jamaan; Al-Maqati, Thekra N.; Almehbash, Atheer; Alshammari, Anfal; Bujlai, Refan; Ba Taweel, Sarah; Almasabi, Fares; AlAmari, Abdullah; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) stand out as the most frequent causes leading to visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations. This study aims to assess the types and prevalence of respiratory infections across two years following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Patients presenting with an influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested using multiplex RT-PCR (QIAstat-Dx, Qiagen). The multiplexed RT- PCR test detects 21 respiratory viruses and bacteria. Results: During the study period, PCR test was done on a total of 1,790 samples were tested, and 712 (40%) were positive for a total of 796 pathogens. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 20.1 ± 28.4 years in 2022 and 21.9 ± 27.6 years in 2023. Among the detected pathogens, the most prevalent were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 222 (12.4%), followed by RSV A&B (103 cases, 5.7%), and H1N1 Influenza (77 cases, 4.3%). Additionally, Influenza A/B constituted 172 (9.6%) while parainfluenza constituted (58, 3.2%). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 3.97% of the samples. Over the two-year period, the monthly pattern of the identified pathogens exhibited fluctuations in the prevalence. Furthermore, variations were observed in the detected pathogens across different age groups. Conclusion: In addition to adding significant knowledge to the field of respiratory viral infections, this study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research and surveillance for the detection and characterization of respiratory viruses, particularly those with the potential for emergence. Such studies would also require setting up a strategy for genotyping and/or sequencing of viruses.
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    Emergency medical service and non-emergent (medical) transport organizations pandemic influenza planning checklist
    (2006-03-01) United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    Checklist to prepare paramedics for an outbreak of pandemic influenza.
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    Ethics guide for health care practitioners: working under conditions of an influenza pandemic. Plan, Prepare, Practice [Pocket version].
    (2009-12-01T18:49:23Z) Indiana University Center for Bioethics; Indiana State Department of Health
    The Ethics Toolkit is designed to assist health care providers in carrying out their ethical responsibilities of caring for patients and families within the clinical environment during an influenza pandemic. In particular, the Toolkit is designed to give practical input on key issues facing health care practitioners, specifically: Altered Standards of Care; Vaccine and Antiviral Provision; Triage; and Workforce Management. Other issues are discussed in the Toolkit, but receive less comprehensive attention. The input for each of these issues is based on an Ethical Framework that provides a reasoned basis for decision making. In addition to this pocket-sized version, a 16 page, full-sized, color brochure is also available. Likewise, a separate, single sheet, "Patient Guide" (page 15) is available.
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    Ethics guide for health care practitioners: working under conditions of an influenza pandemic. Plan, prepare, practice.
    (2009-12-01T18:37:50Z) Indiana University Center for Bioethics; Indiana State Department of Health
    The Ethics Toolkit is designed to assist health care providers in carrying out their ethical responsibilities of caring for patients and families within the clinical environment during an influenza pandemic. In particular, the Toolkit is designed to give practical input on key issues facing health care practitioners, specifically: Altered Standards of Care; Vaccine and Antiviral Provision; Triage; and Workforce Management. Other issues are discussed in the Toolkit, but receive less comprehensive attention. The input for each of these issues is based on an Ethical Framework that provides a reasoned basis for decision making. In addition to this full sized, 16 page color brochure, the Toolkit is also available in a pocket-sized version. Likewise, a separate, single sheet, "Patient Guide" (page 15) is available.