IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "Infants"

Browsing by Subject "Infants"

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Antibiotic Safety and Effectiveness in Premature Infants With Complicated Intraabdominal Infections
(Wolters Kluwer, 2021) Smith, Michael J.; Boutzoukas, Angelique; Autmizguine, Julie; Hudak, Mark L.; Zinkhan, Erin; Bloom, Barry T.; Heresi, Gloria; Lavery, Adrian P.; Courtney, Sherry E.; Sokol, Gregory M.; Cotten, C. Michael; Bliss, Joseph M.; Mendley, Susan; Bendel, Catherine; Dammann, Christiane E. L.; Weitkamp, Jörn-Hendrik; Saxonhouse, Matthew A.; Mundakel, Gratias T.; Debski, Julie; Sharma, Gaurav; Erinjeri, Jinson; Gao, Jamie; Benjamin, Daniel K., Jr.; Hornik, Christoph P.; Smith, P. Brian; Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael; Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act—Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
Background: In premature infants, complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although universally prescribed, the safety and effectiveness of commonly used antibiotic regimens have not been established in this population. Methods: Infants ≤33 weeks gestational age and <121 days postnatal age with cIAI were randomized to ≤10 days of ampicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole (group 1); ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin (group 2); or piperacillin-tazobactam and gentamicin (group 3) at doses stratified by postmenstrual age. Due to slow enrollment, a protocol amendment allowed eligible infants already receiving study regimens to enroll without randomization. The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of study drug completion. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, outcomes of special interest, and therapeutic success (absence of death, negative cultures, and clinical cure score >4) 30 days after study drug completion. Results: One hundred eighty infants [128 randomized (R), 52 nonrandomized (NR)] were enrolled: 63 in group 1 (45 R, 18 NR), 47 in group 2 (41 R, 6 NR), and 70 in group 3 (42 R, 28 NR). Thirty-day mortality was 8%, 7%, and 9% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were no differences in safety outcomes between antibiotic regimens. After adjusting for treatment group and gestational age, mortality rates through end of follow-up were 4.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-12.13], 4.53 (95% CI: 1.21-15.50), and 4.07 (95% CI: 1.22-12.70) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusions: Each of the antibiotic regimens are safe in premature infants with cIAI.
Cartoon advertisement of stork delivering a newborn baby, with text emphasizing the importance of registering their birth.
(Indiana State Board of Health, 1915-05)
[Text in capital letters within image] Count the babies. Important: Register every birth with your Health Officer.
Cochlear implantation in infants below 12 months of age
(Elsevier, 2018-02-03) Miyamoto, Richard T.; Colson, Bethany; Henning, Shirley; Pisoni, David; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine
To provide safety and efficacy data on infants implanted below 12 months of age. Methods: With the wide application of newborn hearing screening programs, infants with deafness are being identified at birth. When a hearing aid trial fails, cochlear implantation is the only option to restore hearing. Mounting evidence suggests that age at implantation is a strong predictor of language outcomes. Using the minimally invasive surgical technique we have employed for nearly two decades, a limited clinical trial was initiated in the year 2000 because this age limitation fell outside of FDA guidelines. The infants were initially assessed using the preferential listening paradigm to confirm that they could learn associations between speech sounds and objects. Sufficient time was allowed to pass to administer more traditional language measures. Results: No surgical or anesthetic complications occurred in this group of infants. The pattern of listening skill development mirrored that seen in normal hearing infants. Long-term language assessments using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and other measures have demonstrated that many of infants achieved age appropriate language skills. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation in children less than 12 months of age is safe and efficacious as demonstrated by long-term PPVT language data.
A Community-Based Intervention to Prevent Obesity Beginning at Birth among American Indian Children: Study Design and Rationale for the PTOTS study
(2012) Karanja, Njeri; Aickin, Mikel; Lutz, Tam; Mist, Scott; Jobe, Jared B.; Maupomé, Gerardo; Ritenbaugh, Cheryl
Eating and physical activity behaviors associated with adult obesity have early antecedents, yet few studies have focused on obesity prevention interventions targeting very young children. Efforts to prevent obesity beginning at birth seem particularly important in populations at risk for early-onset obesity. National estimates indicate that American Indian (AI) children have higher rates of overweight and obesity than children of other races/ethnicities. The Prevention of Toddler Obesity and Teeth Health Study (PTOTS) is a community-partnered randomized controlled trial designed to prevent obesity beginning at birth in AI children. PTOTS was developed to test the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention designed to: promote breastfeeding, reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, appropriately time the introduction of healthy solid foods, and counsel parents to reduce sedentary lifestyles in their children. A birth cohort of 577 children from five AI tribes is randomized by tribe to either the intervention (three tribes) or the comparison condition (two tribes). The strengths and weaknesses of PTOTS include a focus on a critical growth phase, placement in the community, and intervention at many levels, using a variety of approaches.
Culturally-Informed Family Education in the Infant Population
(2022-04-30) Lindenmayer, Claire; Zeigler, Jayson; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Faurote, Emily; Rexroat, Theresa
Working with infants and families can be as challenging as it can be rewarding for healthcare professionals, particularly when working with families of diverse cultures. Many cultures perform various parenting practices which are viewed in the western world as odd or even dangerous. Addressing these practices is difficult and creates a barrier to providing equitable, family-centered care. The purpose of this capstone project was to provide education to healthcare practitioners working with high-risk infants in the NICU and outpatient settings. Interviews were administered with NICU and outpatient staff to gain understanding of staff perceptions of family-centered care. A pre-survey was distributed to NICU nursing and therapy staff, outpatient pediatricians, and outpatient therapists to gain baseline knowledge of staff awareness and understanding of cultural parenting practices. An educational PowerPoint was provided to staff along with a post-survey and quiz to measure success of the education. Staff demonstrated increased knowledge and confidence in providing culturally-informed education to families regarding these practices. This project emphasized the importance of ongoing cultural education for healthcare providers working with the infant population.
Developing and Validating a PubMed Infant Hedge: An MLA Pediatrics Librarians Caucus Initiative
(2022-05) Brennan, Emily; Willis, Christine; Kysh, Lynn; Bogucka, Roxanne; Hinrichs, Rachel J.
Dietary Fluoride Intake during Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Toddlers: A Prospective Study in the PROGRESS Cohort
(Elsevier, 2021) Cantoral, Alejandra; Téllez-Rojo, Martha M.; Malin, Ashley J.; Schnaas, Lourdes; Osorio-Valencia, Erika; Mercado, Adriana; Martínez-Mier, E. Ángeles; Wright, Robert O.; Till, Christine; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
Foods and beverages provide a source of fluoride exposure in Mexico. While high fluoride concentrations are neurotoxic, recent research suggests that exposures within the optimal range may also pose a risk to the developing brain. This prospective study examined whether dietary fluoride intake during pregnancy is associated with toddlers' neurodevelopment in 103 mother-child pairs from the PROGRESS cohort in Mexico City. Food and beverage fluoride intake was assessed in trimesters 2 and 3 using a food frequency questionnaire and Mexican tables of fluoride content. We used the Bayley-III to evaluate cognitive, motor, and language outcomes at 12 and 24 months of age. Adjusted linear regression models were generated for each neurodevelopment assessment time point (12 and 24 months). Mixed-effects models were used to consider a repeated measurement approach. Interactions between maternal fluoride intake and child sex on neurodevelopmental outcomes were tested. Median (IQR) dietary fluoride intake during pregnancy was 1.01 mg/d (0.73, 1.32). Maternal fluoride intake was not associated with cognitive, language, or motor outcomes collapsing across boys and girls. However, child sex modified the association between maternal fluoride intake and cognitive outcome (p interaction term = 0.06). A 0.5 mg/day increase in overall dietary fluoride intake was associated with a 3.50-point lower cognitive outcome in 24-month old boys (95 % CI: -6.58, -0.42); there was no statistical association with girls (β = 0.07, 95 % CI: -2.37, 2.51), nor on the cognitive outcome at 12-months of age. Averaging across the 12- and 24-month cognitive outcomes using mixed-effects models revealed a similar association: a 0.5 mg/day increase in overall dietary fluoride intake was associated with a 3.46-point lower cognitive outcome in boys (95 % CI: -6.23, -0.70). These findings suggest that the development of nonverbal abilities in males may be more vulnerable to prenatal fluoride exposure than language or motor abilities, even at levels within the recommended intake range.
Experiencia, prevalencia y severidad de caries dental asociada con el estado nutricional en infantes mexicanos de 17 a 47 meses de edad
(2013) Zúñiga-Manríquez, Ana Gabriela; Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo; Lara-Carrillo, Edith; de Lourdes Márquez-Corona, María; Robles-Bermeo, Norma Leticia; Scougall-Vilchis, Rogelio José; Maupomé, Gerardo
Objective. To determine the experience, prevalence and severity of dental caries and its relationship with nutritional status in nursery infants 17 to 47 months of age. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study in 152 infants 17 to 47 months of age attending one of five day care centers of the city of Pachuca, Hidalgo was performed. Clinical examinations were performed using the methods recommended by the World Health Organization for epidemiologic studies on dental caries. We calculated the caries index (dmft), the significant caries index (SiC) as well as the treatment needs index (TNI) and the care index (CI). Nutritional status was determined using the weight and height for age, in Federico Gomez’s scale. In the statistical analysis nonparametric tests were used. Results. Mean age was 2.52 ± 0.76 years; 51.3% were boys. With regard to nutritional status, 19.1% were classified as malnourished and 19.1% were overweight/obese. The dmft index was 1.53 ± 2.52. The SiC index was 4.14, the TNI 86.3% and the CI 13.7%. Caries prevalence was 48.0%. It was observed that 33.5% of children had 1 to 3 teeth with caries experience and 14.5% had 4 or more teeth affected. Statistically significant differences for tooth decay were identified (p < 0.05) by age, height and weight but not (p> 0.05) by sex and nutritional status. Conclusions. This study shows that nearly half of children examined had caries experience. High treatment needs for dental caries were observed. A correlation was found between dmft index and age, weight and height. No association was identified between experience, prevalence and severity of dental caries and nutritional status of infants. It appears necessary to improve oral health preventive measures in these infants.
Healthy infant shown at 4 months old, 19 1/2 lbs.
(Indiana State Board of Health, 1916-06)
[Healthy baby, Wayne Richard Reprogle, born December 2, 1915, 7 lbs. at birth]
Hearing versus Listening: Attention to Speech and Its Role in Language Acquisition in Deaf Infants with Cochlear Implants
(Elsevier, 2014-01-01) Houston, Derek M.; Bergeson, Tonya R.; Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, IU School of Medicine
The advent of cochlear implantation has provided thousands of deaf infants and children access to speech and the opportunity to learn spoken language. Whether or not deaf infants successfully learn spoken language after implantation may depend in part on the extent to which they listen to speech rather than just hear it. We explore this question by examining the role that attention to speech plays in early language development according to a prominent model of infant speech perception – Jusczyk’s WRAPSA model – and by reviewing the kinds of speech input that maintains normal-hearing infants’ attention. We then review recent findings suggesting that cochlear-implanted infants’ attention to speech is reduced compared to normal-hearing infants and that speech input to these infants differs from input to infants with normal hearing. Finally, we discuss possible roles attention to speech may play on deaf children’s language acquisition after cochlear implantation in light of these findings and predictions from Jusczyk’s WRAPSA model.

Browsing by Subject "Infants"

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