Browsing by Subject "Independence"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Achieving ADL Independence Post-Stroke Through Occupational Therapy Interventions
    (2024-04-24) Wonnell, Cassie; Gulyas, Belle; DeGeorge, August; Knoy, Morgan; Warrick, Emilee; Fowler, Avery; Chase, Anthony; Lee, Chang Dae; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
    This rapid systematic review evaluates the current literature on occupational therapy interventions aimed at improving ADL independence in post-stroke individuals. 28 studies were evaluated and 6 categories (task-oriented training, virtual reality and video games, technology, constraint-induced movement therapy, electrical stimulation, and other) of interventions were identified. The 28 articles used in this rapid systematic review were retrieved from PubMed and CINAHL using Covidence. Literature included are publications from the past 10 years, studies with participants 60+ years of age that have experienced a stroke, and studies with interventions focused on ADL independence. Level IV and V studies were excluded. TOT, CIMT/mCIMT, technology, E-stim, VR and virtual reality, sensory interventions, ankle-foot orthoses, and strategy training are evidence-based stroke interventions that have been showing improvement in ADL participation when compared to the standard of care. Findings reveal overall moderately strong evidence for the impact of the identified occupational therapy interventions on ADL performance for adults 60+ post-stroke. The current review supports six categories of interventions that improve ADL independence, which informs occupational therapy practice for older adult stroke patients.
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    Functional Outcome Trajectories following Inpatient Rehabilitation for TBI in the United States: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaboration
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2020) Dams-O’Connor, Kristen; Ketchum, Jessica M.; Cuthbert, Jeff P.; Corrigan, John; Hammond, Flora M.; Haarbauer Krupa, Juliet; Kowalski, Robert G.; Miller, A. Cate; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine
    Objective: To describe trajectories of functioning up to 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) that required inpatient rehabilitation in the United States using individual growth curve models conditioned on factors associated with variability in functioning and independence over time. Design: Secondary analysis of population-weighted data from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Participants: A total of 4624 individuals 16 years and older with a primary diagnosis of TBI. Main outcome measures: Ratings of global disability and supervision needs as reported by participants or proxy during follow-up telephone interviews at 1, 2, and 5 years postinjury. Results: Many TBI survivors experience functional improvement through 1 and 2 years postinjury, followed by a decline in functioning and decreased independence by 5 years. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in outcomes across individuals. Factors such as older age, non-White race, lower preinjury productivity, public payer source, longer length of inpatient rehabilitation stay, and lower discharge functional status were found to negatively impact trajectories of change over time. Conclusions: These findings can inform the content, timing, and target recipients of interventions designed to maximize functional independence after TBI.
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    Increasing Technology Supports for Individuals with Disabilties
    (2023) Harris, Braegan R.; Bednarski, Julie; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Renie, Colleen
    Occupational therapists (OTs) are qualified to recommend forms of technology based on an individual’s specific needs to enhance occupational performance. If technology is facilitating and promoting independence, it is referred to as assistive technology (AT). The use of technology, specifically smart devices within a home, provides an environment where an individual can easily be successful without the help of a physical person. It is determined that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities that utilize smart technologies have positive work-related outcomes, increased self-determination and well-being, and participate in more activities, which is supported by literature. Thus, the capstone site identified that they would like to incorporate smart technologies more frequently in the lives of adults with I/DD to facilitate independence when staff and/or family is not available. However, barriers to technology include the lack of time, the lack of awareness of devices, and the lack of appropriately identifying technologies for an individual’s skill level. The purpose of this project was to identify technology supports and increase the use of technology in the everyday lives of individuals with I/DD. The capstone student provided the capstone site with educational resources, technology supports based on assessment outcomes, and in-services to increase the knowledge and awareness of technology within this setting. The technology programming was supported by positive responses from the post-survey following the in-service. Based on the barriers, the capstone student recommends additional in-services and technology sessions for hands-on learning experience to sustain the technology program.
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    Is the relationship between alexithymia and aggression context-dependent? Impact of group membership and belief similarity
    (2012-08) Konrath, Sara H.; Novin, Sheida; Li, Tao
    Previous research finds positive relationships between alexithymia and aggression. This study examined potential interpersonal factors that might elicit aggressiveness among people with high levels of alexithymia. College student participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale online prior to interacting with their partners in the laboratory. Participants interacted with a partner who (i) was from their in-group versus out-group, and (ii) held similar versus different beliefs on an important topic. Results show that compared to low-alexithymic individuals, individuals with high levels of alexithymia reported increased anger after interacting with out-group members. This corresponded to increased trait aggressiveness when interacting with out-group members. No differences emerged regarding behavioral aggression. Implications for the association between alexithymia and aggression are discussed.