Browsing by Subject "Immune-checkpoint inhibitors"

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    Resistance to Systemic Agents in Renal Cell Carcinoma Predict and Overcome Genomic Strategies Adopted by Tumor
    (MDPI, 2019-06-14) Mollica, Veronica; Di Nunno, Vincenzo; Gatto, Lidia; Santoni, Matteo; Scarpelli, Marina; Cimadamore, Alessia; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Cheng, Liang; Battelli, Nicola; Montironi, Rodolfo; Massari, Francesco; Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    The development of new systemic agents has led us into a "golden era" of management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Certainly, the approval of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and the combination of these with targeted compounds has irreversibly changed clinical scenarios. A deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that correlate with tumor development and progression has made this revolution possible. In this amazing era, novel challenges are awaiting us in the clinical management of metastatic RCC. Of these, the development of reliable criteria which are able to predict tumor response to treatment or primary and acquired resistance to systemic treatments still remain an unmet clinical need. Thanks to the availability of data provided by studies evaluating genomic assessments of the disease, this goal may no longer be out of reach. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about genomic alterations related to primary and secondary resistance to target therapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in RCC.
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    Targeting Both Autophagy and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer Treatment
    (MDPI, 2022-10-12) Giannopoulos, Spyridon; Bozkus, Cansu Cimen; Zografos, Eleni; Athanasiou, Aikaterini; Bongiovanni, Ann Marie; Doulaveris, Georgios; Bakoyiannis, Chris N.; Theodoropoulos, Georgios E.; Zografos, Georgios C.; Witkin, Steven S.; Orfanelli, Theofano; Surgery, School of Medicine
    As clinical efforts towards breast-conserving therapy and prolonging survival of those with metastatic breast cancer increase, innovative approaches with the use of biologics are on the rise. Two areas of current focus are cancer immunotherapy and autophagy, both of which have been well-studied independently but have recently been shown to have intertwining roles in cancer. An increased understanding of their interactions could provide new insights that result in novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies. In this breast cancer-focused review, we explore the interactions between autophagy and two clinically relevant immune checkpoint pathways; the programmed cell death-1 receptor with its ligand (PD-L1)/PD-1 and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)/CD80 and CD86 (B7-1 and B7-2). Furthermore, we discuss emerging preclinical and clinical data supporting targeting both immunotherapy and autophagy pathway manipulation as a promising approach in the treatment of breast cancer.