Browsing by Subject "Imaging"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 42
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    2016 Advances in Renal Imaging Symposium
    (Indiana University School of Medicine/IUPUI, 2016-11-15) IUPUI Imaging Research Symposium
    The primary objective of the “Advances in Renal Imaging” symposium is to provide a forum for nephrology researchers and imaging scientists to come together and discuss needed kidney imaging biomarkers and explore the development of imaging technologies designed to address specific renal imaging needs. The Symposium includes three sessions of oral presentations with invited speakers addressing the following general themes: 1) Need for advances in renal imaging and the identification of potential imaging biomarker targets; 2) Advances in renal microscopy methods for basic science renal research; 3) Advances in molecular, perfusion, and structural renal imaging.
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    2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias
    (Oxford University Press, 2019-08) Cronin, Edmond M.; Bogun, Frank M.; Maury, Philippe; Peichl, Petr; Chen, Minglong; Namboodiri, Narayanan; Aguinaga, Luis; Leite, Luiz Roberto; Al-Khatib, Sana M.; Anter, Elad; Berruezo, Antonio; Callans, David J.; Chung, Mina K.; Cuculich, Phillip; d’Avila, Andre; Deal, Barbara J.; Bella, Paolo Della; Deneke, Thomas; Dickfeld, Timm-Michael; Hadid, Claudio; Haqqani, Haris M.; Kay, G. Neal; Latchamsetty, Rakesh; Marchlinski, Francis; Miller, John M.; Nogami, Akihiko; Patel, Akash R.; Pathak, Rajeev Kumar; Sáenz Morales, Luis C.; Santangeli, Pasquale; Sapp, John L, Jr.; Sarkozy, Andrea; Soejima, Kyoko; Stevenson, William G.; Tedrow, Usha B.; Tzou, Wendy S.; Varma, Niraj; Zeppenfeld, Katja; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Ventricular arrhythmias are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and come in a variety of forms, from single premature ventricular complexes to sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Rapid developments have taken place over the past decade in our understanding of these arrhythmias and in our ability to diagnose and treat them. The field of catheter ablation has progressed with the development of new methods and tools, and with the publication of large clinical trials. Therefore, global cardiac electrophysiology professional societies undertook to outline recommendations and best practices for these procedures in a document that will update and replace the 2009 EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias. An expert writing group, after reviewing and discussing the literature, including a systematic review and meta-analysis published in conjunction with this document, and drawing on their own experience, drafted and voted on recommendations and summarized current knowledge and practice in the field. Each recommendation is presented in knowledge byte format and is accompanied by supportive text and references. Further sections provide a practical synopsis of the various techniques and of the specific ventricular arrhythmia sites and substrates encountered in the electrophysiology lab. The purpose of this document is to help electrophysiologists around the world to appropriately select patients for catheter ablation, to perform procedures in a safe and efficacious manner, and to provide follow-up and adjunctive care in order to obtain the best possible outcomes for patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
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    A multimodal and integrated approach to interrogate human kidney biopsies with rigor and reproducibility: guidelines from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project
    (American Physiological Society, 2021) El-Achkar, Tarek M.; Eadon, Michael T.; Menon, Rajasree; Lake, Blue B.; Sigdel, Tara K.; Alexandrov, Theodore; Parikh, Samir; Zhang, Guanshi; Dobi, Dejan; Dunn, Kenneth W.; Otto, Edgar A.; Anderton, Christopher R.; Carson, Jonas M.; Luo, Jinghui; Park, Chris; Hamidi, Habib; Zhou, Jian; Hoover, Paul; Schroeder, Andrew; Joanes, Marianinha; Azeloglu, Evren U.; Sealfon, Rachel; Winfree, Seth; Steck, Becky; He, Yongqun; D’Agati, Vivette; Iyengar, Ravi; Troyanskaya, Olga G.; Barisoni, Laura; Gaut, Joseph; Zhang, Kun; Laszik, Zoltan; Rovin, Brad H.; Dagher, Pierre C.; Sharma, Kumar; Sarwal, Minnie M.; Hodgin, Jeffrey B.; Alpers, Charles E.; Kretzler, Matthias; Jain, Sanjay; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Comprehensive and spatially mapped molecular atlases of organs at a cellular level are a critical resource to gain insights into pathogenic mechanisms and personalized therapies for diseases. The Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) is an endeavor to generate three-dimensional (3-D) molecular atlases of healthy and diseased kidney biopsies by using multiple state-of-the-art omics and imaging technologies across several institutions. Obtaining rigorous and reproducible results from disparate methods and at different sites to interrogate biomolecules at a single-cell level or in 3-D space is a significant challenge that can be a futile exercise if not well controlled. We describe a “follow the tissue” pipeline for generating a reliable and authentic single-cell/region 3-D molecular atlas of human adult kidney. Our approach emphasizes quality assurance, quality control, validation, and harmonization across different omics and imaging technologies from sample procurement, processing, storage, shipping to data generation, analysis, and sharing. We established benchmarks for quality control, rigor, reproducibility, and feasibility across multiple technologies through a pilot experiment using common source tissue that was processed and analyzed at different institutions and different technologies. A peer review system was established to critically review quality control measures and the reproducibility of data generated by each technology before their being approved to interrogate clinical biopsy specimens. The process established economizes the use of valuable biopsy tissue for multiomics and imaging analysis with stringent quality control to ensure rigor and reproducibility of results and serves as a model for precision medicine projects across laboratories, institutions and consortia.
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    Analysis of Galvanic Skin Response: Potential Relationships to Stimulus Responsivity and Brain Dopamine Signal
    (2014-04-11) Chumin, Evgeny; Albrecht, Daniel; Yoder, Karen
    Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder that presents itself with no apparent medical explanation for the pain. Functional alterations of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA) have been implicated in fibromyalgia neuropathology. It is not known how central dopamine function in pain is associated with objective peripheral measurements that are thought to be associated with the presence of pain and stress. Galvanic skin response (GSR), is a physiological measure of nervous system activation. GSR could potentially give insight to novel aspects of DA function. In this study, GSR was recorded from fibromyalgia patients (FM) and healthy controls (HC) while they underwent scanning with [18F]-fallypride (FAL) Positron Emission Tomography (PET). FAL is a D2/D3 DA receptor antagonist that is sensitive to changes in DA levels in the brain. Given the involvement of DA in cognitive processes, FAL PET can be used to examine baseline DA activity as well as changes from baseline during cognitive load tasks. Relationships between GSR and working memory load, acute pain, and DA function were studied and compared between FM and HC.
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    'Artificial intelligence in Barrett's Esophagus'
    (Sage, 2021-10-12) Hamade, Nour; Sharma, Prateek; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Despite advances in endoscopic imaging modalities, there are still significant miss rates of dysplasia and cancer in Barrett's esophagus. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool that may potentially be a useful adjunct to the endoscopist in detecting subtle dysplasia and cancer. Studies have shown AI systems have a sensitivity of more than 90% and specificity of more than 80% in detecting Barrett's related dysplasia and cancer. Beyond visual detection and diagnosis, AI may also prove to be useful in quality control, streamlining clinical work, documentation, and lessening the administrative load on physicians. Research in this area is advancing at a rapid rate, and as the field expands, regulations and guidelines will need to be put into place to better regulate the growth and use of AI. This review provides an overview of the present and future role of AI in Barrett's esophagus.
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    Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering and Its Influence on Healthcare Structure: Current and Future Prospects
    (MDPI, 2025-02-08) Tripathi, Divya; Hajra, Kasturee; Mulukutla, Aditya; Shreshtha, Romi; Maity, Dipak; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science
    Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing area of computer science that combines technologies with data science to develop intelligent, highly computation-able systems. Its ability to automatically analyze and query huge sets of data has rendered it essential to many fields such as healthcare. This article introduces you to artificial intelligence, how it works, and what its central role in biomedical engineering is. It brings to light new developments in medical science, why it is being applied in biomedicine, key problems in computer vision and AI, medical applications, diagnostics, and live health monitoring. This paper starts with an introduction to artificial intelligence and its major subfields before moving into how AI is revolutionizing healthcare technology. There is a lot of emphasis on how it will transform biomedical engineering through the use of AI-based devices like biosensors. Not only can these machines detect abnormalities in a patient's physiology, but they also allow for chronic health tracking. Further, this review also provides an overview of the trends of AI-enabled healthcare technologies and concludes that the adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare will be very high. The most promising are in diagnostics, with highly accurate, non-invasive diagnostics such as advanced imaging and vocal biomarker analyzers leading medicine into the future.
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    Association of Lung Function, Chest Radiographs and Clinical Features in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis
    (European Respiratory Society, 2013) Rosenfeld, Margaret; Farrell, Philip M.; Kloster, Margaret; Swanson, Jonathan O.; Vu, Thuy; Brumback, Lyndia; Acton, James D.; Castile, Robert G.; Colin, Andrew A.; Conrad, Carol K.; Hart, Meeghan A.; Kerby, Gwendolyn S.; Hiatt, Peter W.; Mogayzel, Peter J.; Johnson, Robin C.; Davis, Stephanie D.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    The optimal strategy for monitoring cystic fibrosis lung disease in infancy remains unclear. Our objective was to describe longitudinal associations between infant pulmonary function tests, chest radiograph scores and other characteristics. Cystic fibrosis patients aged ≤24 months were enrolled in a 10-centre study evaluating infant pulmonary function tests four times over a year. Chest radiographs ∼1 year apart were scored using the Wisconsin and Brasfield systems. Associations of infant pulmonary function tests with clinical characteristics were evaluated with mixed effects models. The 100 participants contributed 246 acceptable flow/volume (forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s (FEV0.5) and forced expiratory flow at 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF75%)), 303 functional residual capacity measurements and 171 chest radiographs. Both Brasfield and Wisconsin chest radiograph scores worsened significantly over the 1-year interval. Worse Wisconsin chest radiograph scores and Staphylococcus aureus were both associated with hyperinflation (significantly increased functional residual capacity), but not with diminished FEV0.5 or FEF75%. Parent-reported cough was associated with significantly diminished forced expiratory flow at 75% but not with hyperinflation. In this infant cohort in whom we previously reported worsening in average lung function, chest radiograph scores also worsened over a year. The significant associations detected between both Wisconsin chest radiograph score and S. aureus and hyperinflation, as well as between cough and diminished flows, reinforce the ability of infant pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs to detect early cystic fibrosis lung disease.
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    Associations between hippocampal morphometry and neuropathologic markers of Alzheimer's disease using 7 T MRI
    (Elsevier, 2017-04-21) Blanken, Anna E.; Hurtz, Sona; Zarow, Chris; Biado, Kristina; Honarpisheh, Hedieh; Somme, Johanne; Brook, Jenny; Tung, Spencer; Kraft, Emily; Lo, Darrick; Ng, Denise W.; Vinters, Harry V.; Apostolova, Liana G.; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine
    Hippocampal atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles are established pathologic markers of Alzheimer's disease. We analyzed the temporal lobes of 9 Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and 7 cognitively normal (NC) subjects. Brains were scanned post-mortem at 7 Tesla. We extracted hippocampal volumes and radial distances using automated segmentation techniques. Hippocampal slices were stained for amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, and cresyl violet to evaluate neuronal counts. The hippocampal subfields, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, and subiculum were manually traced so that the neuronal counts, Aβ, and tau burden could be obtained for each region. We used linear regression to detect associations between hippocampal atrophy in 3D, clinical diagnosis and total as well as subfield pathology burden measures. As expected, we found significant correlations between hippocampal radial distance and mean neuronal count, as well as diagnosis. There were subfield specific associations between hippocampal radial distance and tau in CA2, and cresyl violet neuronal counts in CA1 and subiculum. These results provide further validation for the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Center Harmonized Hippocampal Segmentation Protocol (HarP).
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    Choroidal Thickness and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma—A Narrative Review
    (MDPI, 2022-02-23) Verticchio Vercellin, Alice; Harris, Alon; Stone, Ari M.; Oddone, Francesco; Mendoza, Kristen Ann; Siesky, Brent; Ophthalmology, School of Medicine
    The choroid provides the majority of blood flow to the ocular tissues and structures that facilitate the processes of retinal metabolism responsible for vision. Specifically, the choriocapillaris provides a structural network of small blood vessels that supplies the retinal ganglion cells and deep ocular tissues. Similar to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, choroidal thickness (CT) has been suggested to represent a quantifiable health biomarker for choroidal tissues. Glaucoma is a disease with vascular contributions in its onset and progression. Despite its importance in maintaining ocular structure and vascular functionality, clinical assessments of choroidal tissues have been historically challenged by the inaccessibility of CT biomarker targets. The development of optical coherence tomography angiography and enhanced depth imaging created a framework for assessing CT and investigating its relationship to glaucomatous optic neuropathy onset and progression. Pilot studies on CT in glaucoma are conflicting—with those both in support of, and against, its clinical utility. Complicating the data are highly customized analysis methods, small sample sizes, heterogeneous patient groups, and a lack of properly designed controlled studies with CT as a primary outcome. Herein, we review the available data on CT and critically discuss its potential relevance and limitations in glaucoma disease management.
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    Cognitive Correlates of Hippocampal Atrophy and Ventricular Enlargement in Adults with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment
    (Karger, 2019-08-13) Goukasian, Naira; Porat, Shai; Blanken, Anna; Avila, David; Zlatev, Dimitar; Hurtz, Sona; Hwang, Kristy S.; Pierce, Jonathan; Joshi, Shantanu H.; Woo, Ellen; Apostolova, Liana G.; Neurology, School of Medicine
    We analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 58 cognitively normal and 101 mild cognitive impairment subjects. We used a general linear regression model to study the association between cognitive performance with hippocampal atrophy and ventricular enlargement using the radial distance method. Bilateral hippocampal atrophy was associated with baseline and longitudinal memory performance. Left hippocampal atrophy predicted longitudinal decline in visuospatial function. The multidomain ventricular analysis did not reveal any significant predictors.