Browsing by Subject "Hyponatremia"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A Case of Hyponatremia in a Patient with Necrotizing Fasciitis
    (2024-04-06) Dijak, Frank; Yu, Corinna
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    Acute Spontaneous Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage Presenting as Hyponatremia
    (Springer Nature, 2022-12-28) Chippa, Venu Madhav; Chenna, Swetha; Gujarathi, Rahul; Candula, Narsimha; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage is a very unusual cause of severe adrenal insufficiency and hyponatremia. It can result from trauma, infections, or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated early. Here, we present a 58-year-old Caucasian man with fatigue, altered sensorium, bradycardia, and hypotension. He denied any abdominal pain, recent trauma, or anti-platelet or anti-coagulation agents. His laboratory workup showed hyponatremia with low serum cortisol levels. He was further worked up and underwent computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen, which showed bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. He was treated with intravenous (IV) steroids followed by oral hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. His symptoms resolved, and he was safely discharged home. Asymptomatic bilateral adrenal hemorrhage is a sporadic disease, and it should be in the differential diagnosis for disproportionately sick people with other adrenal insufficiency features.
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    Guillain-Barre syndrome with concurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and hyponatraemia: mere coincidence or rare coexistence
    (BMJ, 2019-07-11) Drye, Carley; Bose, Subhasish; Pathireddy, Samata; Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 61-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of hypertension presented with a week's history of confusion falls and back pain was found to have hyponatraemia from secretion of antidiuretic hormone and treated appropriately. Given her persistent symptoms, despite a normal CT head on presentation, an MRI head was obtained, showing vasogenic oedema in line with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Despite aggressive antihypertensives and supportive measures, unfortunately, her condition deteriorated, with increased confusion, new left-sided flaccid paresis, paraesthesias and worsening of the back pain. Following further testing including a cerebrospinal fluid analysis, finally diagnosed with an atypical presentation of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and prompt management with intravenous immunoglobulins was initiated. She recovered clinically and returned to near-normal function on follow-up. We use this case to suggest the importance of dysautonomia in GBS and various clinical manifestations it can present with, including PRES and hyponatraemia.
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    HIV Induced Disorders of Electrolyte Balance
    (Association of Kenya Physicians, 2007) Abdullah, Mohamed S.; Association of Kenya Physicians Scientific Conference (11th : Mar. 2007 : Eldoret, Kenya)
    Hyponatremia usually results from retention of water due to impairment of free water excretion or sodium loss exceeding that of water loss e.g thiazide-induced hyponatremia, or from multiple factors, as is seen in HIV/AIDS.
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    Hyponatremia and fractures: should hyponatremia be further studied as a potential biochemical risk factor to be included in FRAX algorithms?
    (Springer, 2017) Ayus, J. C.; Bellido, T.; Negri, A. L.; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine
    The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) was developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for metabolic bone diseases to evaluate fracture risk of patients. It is based on patient models that integrate the risk associated with clinical variables and bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck. The clinical risk factors included in FRAX were chosen to include only well-established and independent variables related to skeletal fracture risk. The FRAX tool has acquired worldwide acceptance despite having several limitations. FRAX models have not included biochemical derangements in estimation of fracture risk due to the lack of validation in large prospective studies. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies showing a relationship between hyponatremia and the occurrence of fractures. Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte abnormality measured in the clinic, and serum sodium concentration is a very reproducible, affordable, and readily obtainable measurement. Thus, we think that hyponatremia should be further studied as a biochemical risk factor for skeletal fractures prediction, particularly those at the hip which carries the greatest morbidity and mortality. To achieve this will require the collection of large patient cohorts from diverse geographical locations that include a measure of serum sodium in addition to the other FRAX variables in large numbers, in both sexes, over a wide age range and with wide geographical representation. It would also require the inclusion of data on duration and severity of hyponatremia. Information will be required both on the risk of fracture associated with the occurrence and length of exposure to hyponatremia and to the relationship with the other risk variables included in FRAX and also the independent effect on the occurrence of death which is increased by hyponatremia.
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    Hyponatremia and the LRINEC Score for Necrotizing Fasciitis
    (2024-08-28) Dijak, Frank; Yu, Corinna
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    Prognostic Impact of Peritransplant Serum Sodium Concentrations in Liver Transplantation
    (International Scientific Information, 2019-07-16) Mihaylov, Plamen; Nagai, Shunji; Ekser, Burcin; Mangus, Richard; Fridell, Jonathan; Kubal, Chandrashekhar; Surgery, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND Serum sodium (Na) is considered to reflect the severity of liver cirrhosis. In the last few years, much effort has been made to integrate this association into prognostic models after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between peritransplant Na and neurological complications, as well as short-term survival, after liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 306 liver transplantations between 2012 and 2015 were evaluated. Pre- and posttransplant sodium concentrations were investigated with regard to 3-month survival and incidence of posttransplant neurological complications, along with other factors present in the operative side of the recipient and donor. RESULTS The 3-month survival rate was 94%. Neither hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L) nor hypernatremia (>145 mEq/L) at pretransplantion predicted 3-month survival. A large amount of intraoperative blood transfusion and a large delta Na showed a significant association with poor outcomes at 3 months. On multivariate analysis, the requirement of blood transfusion and warm ischemia time remained independent prognostic factors for 3-month mortality. Hyponatremia and a large delta Na tended to lead to the frequent development of neurological complications. These complications, secondary to rapid Na correction, were concerning and potentially led to a prolonged hospital stay and early mortality. CONCLUSIONS Rapid change in the sodium level might be caused by large amounts of blood transfusion products. This leads to a diminished short-term survival, as well as a higher rate of neurological complications.