Browsing by Subject "Hypomagnesemia"

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    Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges
    (Springer, 2022-06-10) Rosanoff, Andrea; Wes, Christina; Elin, Ronald J.; Micke, Oliver; Baniasadi, Shadi; Barbagallo, Mario; Campbell, Emily; Cheng, Fu-Chou; Costello, Rebecca B.; Gamboa-Gomez, Claudia; Guerrero-Romero, Fernando; Gletsu-Miller, Nana; von Ehrlich, Bodo; Iotti, Stefano; Kahe, Ka; Kim, Dae Jung; Kisters, Klaus; Kolisek, Martin; Kraus, Anton; Maier, Jeanette A.; Maj-Zurawska, Magdalena; Merolle, Lucia; Nechifor, Mihai; Pourdowlat, Guitti; Shechter, Michael; Song, Yiqing; Teoh, Yee Ping; Touyz, Rhian M.; Wallace, Taylor C.; Yokota, Kuninobu; Wolf, Federica; the MaGNet Global Magnesium Project (MaGNet); Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Purpose Serum magnesium is the most frequently used laboratory test for evaluating clinical magnesium status. Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium status), which is associated with many chronic diseases, is diagnosed using the serum magnesium reference range. Currently, no international consensus for a magnesemia normal range exists. Two independent groups designated 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L) as the low cut-off point defining hypomagnesemia. MaGNet discussions revealed differences in serum magnesium reference ranges used by members’ hospitals and laboratories, presenting an urgent need for standardization. Methods We gathered and compared serum magnesium reference range values from our institutions, hospitals, and colleagues worldwide. Results Serum magnesium levels designating “hypomagnesemia” differ widely. Of 43 collected values, only 2 met 0.85 mmol/L as the low cut-off point to define hypomagnesemia. The remainder had lower cut-off values, which may underestimate hypomagnesemia diagnosis in hospital, clinical, and research assessments. Current serum magnesium reference ranges stem from “normal” populations, which unknowingly include persons with chronic latent magnesium deficit (CLMD). Serum magnesium levels of patients with CLMD fall within widely used “normal” ranges, but their magnesium status is too low for long-term health. The lower serum magnesium reference (0.85 mmol/L) proposed specifically prevents the inclusion of patients with CLMD. Conclusions Widely varying serum magnesium reference ranges render our use of this important medical tool imprecise, minimizing impacts of low magnesium status or hypomagnesemia as a marker of disease risk. To appropriately diagnose, increase awareness of, and manage magnesium status, it is critical to standardize lower reference values for serum magnesium at 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L).
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    The Impact of Low Serum Magnesium Levels on COVID-19 Severity and Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Magnesium Supplementation: A Systematic Review
    (Springer Nature, 2025-01-08) Majumder, Mehrab Hasan; Sazzad, Sadman; Hasin, Rabeya; Brishti, Tasnim Jabbar; Tabassum, Fateha Nadia; Ahamed, Tanvir; Masud, Abdullah A.; Akter, Fahima; Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering
    In this review, our objective was to analyze the association between serum magnesium (Mg) levels, Mg supplementation, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching major databases until February 2023. Twenty-six studies (11,363 patients) were included: 22 examining serum Mg levels (8474 patients) and four investigating Mg supplementations (2889 patients). Most studies indicated an association between lower serum Mg levels and increased COVID-19 severity, including higher mortality rates and prolonged recovery periods. Critical patients demonstrated significantly lower Mg levels compared to moderate/severe cases. However, some studies reported conflicting findings, with hypermagnesemia also associated with poor outcomes in specific patient populations. Regarding supplementation, higher dietary Mg intake correlated with shorter hospitalization duration and faster recovery. Mg supplementation exceeding 450 mg showed potential benefits, including increased antibody titers in pregnant women and reduced oxygen support requirements in elderly patients when combined with vitamins D and B12. While evidence suggests a potential relationship between Mg status and COVID-19 outcomes, findings are heterogeneous. Further investigation through well-designed clinical trials is required to gain deeper insights into the role of Mg in COVID-19 pathophysiology and the therapeutic potential of Mg supplementation.