Browsing by Subject "Human rights"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 23
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Abstinence and abstinence-only education
    (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2007-10) Ott, Mary A.; Santelli, John S.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent literature on medical accuracy, program effectiveness, and ethical concerns related to abstinence-only policies for adolescent sexuality education. RECENT FINDINGS: The federal government invests over 175 million dollars annually in 'abstinence-only-until-marriage' programs. These programs are required to withhold information on contraception and condom use, except for information on failure rates. Abstinence-only curricula have been found to contain scientifically inaccurate information, distorting data on topics such as condom efficacy, and promote gender stereotypes. An independent evaluation of the federal program, several systematic reviews, and cohort data from population-based surveys find little evidence of efficacy and evidence of possible harm. In contrast, comprehensive sexuality education programs have been found to help teens delay initiation of intercourse and reduce sexual risk behaviors. Abstinence-only policies violate the human rights of adolescents because they withhold potentially life-saving information on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. SUMMARY: Federal support of abstinence-only as an approach to adolescent sexuality education is of much concern due to medical inaccuracies, lack of effectiveness, and the withholding and distorting of health information.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Ahimsa and Karma - Principles of Peace Struggle
    (2013-09-21) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
    Transcript of the extemporaneous speech titled Ahimsa and Karma – Principles for Peace Struggle given by Perfecto `Boyet´ Caparas during the commemoration of the UN-declared International Day of Peace, held at the City Market West Plaza, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, on Saturday, 21 September 2013.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Challenge of Combating Impunity in Extrajudicial Executions and Enforced Disappearances through Judicial Interpretation and Application of International Human Rights Law
    (2007) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
    Officially admitted by the Office of then Philippine Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno (summit convener) for use during the National Consultative Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances - Searching for Solutions, Manila, Philippines, 16-17 July 2007.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Christian Personalism and Human Rights Prior to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Philosophical and Theological Exploration
    (2024-12) Williams, Andrew Lloyd; King, David P.; Badertscher, Katherine; Haberski, Raymond J.; Steensland, Brian
    The high tide of modern transnational institution-building occurred in the immediate aftermath of two profound crises: the Great Depression and World War II. No document better captures the aspirations for a post-war era of greater human welfare than the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR elevated the rights of individual humans above the doctrine of state-sovereignty and embodied the burgeoning view that states have a responsibility to secure the welfare and rights of all persons. A “new” school of human rights historiography has shown that Christian personalists were among the few advocates of “human rights” in this period. Moreover, Jacques Maritain and Charles Malik, prominent Christian personalists, were directly involved in United Nations efforts to codify universal human rights. Yet new-school historiography has over-corrected for “classical” historiography’s penchant to rely heavily on arcane philosophical and theological developments dating centuries and even millennia into the past. New-school historiography deracinates Christian personalism form its nineteenth century forebearers: philosophical personalism, phenomenology, existentialism, and neo-classicism. It also underplays the orthogonal character of a movement that aspired to create a third way between established polarities. The very term “personalism” connotes a middle position between individualism and collectivism: individual human beings have inviolable dignity and are inherently relational. As such, the current picture of the advent of human rights discourse in the mid-twentieth century is incomplete. By connecting Christian personalism to its nineteenth-century philosophical roots and contextualizing its views of the relationship between the individual and the state in the crisis milieu of the transwar era, I fill an important gap in the history of “human rights” discourse in the buildup to the UDHR.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Communication: United Nations Human Rights Committee
    (2005) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
    Communication to United Nations Human Rights Committee re the violation by the Philippine government of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, pursuant to the committee's individual complaint mechanism. Filed on the occasion of International Human Rights Day on 10 December 2005, as a culmination of struggle by Filipino street children and child prisoners, who originally sued then Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo before the Ombudsman on 10 December 2003 for human rights violations stated in this communication to the UN Human Rights Committee. Identity and identifying information of the children prisoner petitioners had been deleted.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Community Inclusion for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
    (Indiana University School of Social Work, 2021) Presnell, Jade; Keesler, John; School of Social Work
    Many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are isolated and lack meaningful opportunities to participate and develop social networks within their communities. Sharing membership with a community that fosters connection and belonging is essential to well-being. As a human rights profession, social work is uniquely situated to overcome the macro barriers that prevent full community inclusion for people with IDD. However, the experiences and needs of those with IDD have largely been left out of the profession’s discourse on diversity and oppression. This article presents a call-to-action for social work to engage in strategies and solutions to resolve macro barriers to community inclusion, to dismantle the injustices that people with IDD continue to experience, and to move the promise of community inclusion from rhetoric to reality. Social workers can promote community inclusion for people with IDD through a variety of approaches, including using a human rights-based framework, aligning with person-centered planning, fostering evidence-based practices, using participatory action research, increasing disability content in social work curricula, and engaging in community action and advocacy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    From the Rights-Based Perspective: Claiming a Grassroots Voice in UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies
    (Indiana International Human Rights Law e-newsletter, 2009) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Healthcare and human rights: a reflection
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Brunelli, Luca; Brumberg, Heather L.; Fernández Y García, Erik; Mukhopadhyay, Sagori; Shah, Shetal I.; Soranno, Danielle E.; Tremblay, Elise S.; Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee and the Advocacy Committee of the Society for Pediatric Research; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Human rights challenges of IT-led democratization
    (2013-08-13) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"