Browsing by Subject "Health disparity"

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    Factors influencing the participation of Black and White Americans in Alzheimer’s disease biomarker research
    (Wiley, 2022-12-07) Eliacin, Johanne; Hathaway, Elizabeth; Wang, Sophia; O’Connor, Caitlin; Saykin, Andrew J.; Cameron, Kenzie A.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a public health priority. AD biomarkers may vary based on race, but the recruitment of diverse participants has been challenging. Methods: Three groups of Black and White participants with and without prior research advocacy or participation were interviewed individually or in focus groups to better understand perspectives related to AD biomarker research participation. A rapid qualitative data analytic approach was used to analyze the data. Results: Identified barriers to AD biomarker research participation included hesitancy due to fear, distrust of research and researchers, lack of relevant knowledge, and lack of research test results disclosure. Drivers for engagement in biomarker research procedures included knowledge about research, AD, and related clinical procedures, perceived benefits of participation, and outreach from trusted sources. Discussion: Participants' comments related to the need for diversity in research and desire for results disclosure suggest opportunities to engage Black individuals. Highlights: Black Americans experience more salient barriers to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research participation.Concerns about research diversity influence research participation decisions.Research test disclosure may affect research participation and retention.
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    The National Burden of Colorectal Cancer in the United States from 1990 to 2019
    (MDPI, 2024-01-01) Alsakarneh, Saqr; Jaber, Fouad; Beran, Azizullah; Aldiabat, Mohammad; Abboud, Yazan; Hassan, Noor; Abdallah, Mohamed; Abdelfattah, Thaer; Numan, Laith; Clarkston, Wendell; Bilal, Mohammad; Shaukat, Aasma; Medicine, School of Medicine
    CRC accounts for approximately a tenth of all cancer cases and deaths in the US. Due to large differences in demographics among the different states, we aim to determine trends in the CRC epidemiology and across different states, age groups, and genders. CRC rates, age-adjusted to the standard US population, were obtained from the GBD 2019 database. Time trends were estimated as annual percentage change (APC). A pairwise comparison was conducted between age- and gender-specific trends using the tests of parallelism and coincidence. Age-specific trends were also assessed in two age subgroups: younger adults aged 15-49 years and older adults aged 50-74 years. We also analyzed the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs in the US between 1990 and 2019. A total of 5.53 million patients were diagnosed with CRC in the US between 1990 and 2019. Overall, CRC incidence rates have significantly increased in younger adults (11.1 per 100,000 persons) and decreased in older adults (136.8 per 100,000 persons) (AAPC = 1.2 vs. -0.6; AAPC difference = 1.8, p < 0.001). Age-specific trends were neither identical (p < 0.001) nor parallel (p < 0.001), suggesting that CRC incidence rates are different and increasing at a greater rate in younger adults compared to older adults. However, for both men and women (49.4 and 35.2 per 100,000 persons), incidence rates have decreased over the past three decades at the same rate (AAPC = -0.5 vs. -0.5; AAPC difference = 0, p = 0.1). Geographically, the southern states had the highest mortality rates with Mississippi having the highest rate of 20.1 cases per 100,000 population in 2019. Massachusetts, New York, and the District of Colombia had the greatest decreases in mortality over the study period (-42.1%, -41.4%, and -40.9%). Decreased mortality was found in all states except Mississippi, where the mortality of CRC increased over the study period (+1.5%). This research provides crucial insights for policymakers to tailor resource allocation, emphasizing the dynamic nature of CRC burden across states and age groups, ultimately informing targeted strategies for prevention and intervention.