Browsing by Subject "Head injury"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    The Association Between Persistent White-Matter Abnormalities and Repeat Injury After Sport-Related Concussion
    (Frontiers Media, 2020-01-21) Brett, Benjamin L.; Wu, Yu-Chien; Mustafi, Sourajit M.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Koch, Kevin M.; Nencka, Andrew S.; Giza, Christopher C.; Goldman, Joshua; Guskiewicz, Kevin M.; Mihalik, Jason P.; Duma, Stefan M.; Broglio, Steven P.; McAllister, Thomas W.; McCrea, Michael A.; Meier, Timothy B.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Objective: A recent systematic review determined that the physiological effects of concussion may persist beyond clinical recovery. Preclinical models suggest that ongoing physiological effects are accompanied by increased cerebral vulnerability that is associated with risk for subsequent, more severe injury. This study examined the association between signal alterations on diffusion tensor imaging following clinical recovery of sport-related concussion in athletes with and without a subsequent second concussion. Methods: Average mean diffusivity (MD) was calculated in a region of interest (ROI) in which concussed athletes (n = 82) showed significantly elevated MD acutely after injury (<48 h), at an asymptomatic time point, 7 days post-return to play (RTP), and 6 months relative to controls (n = 69). The relationship between MD in the identified ROI and likelihood of sustaining a subsequent concussion over a 1-year period was examined with a binary logistic regression (re-injured, yes/no). Results: Eleven of 82 concussed athletes (13.4%) sustained a second concussion within 12 months of initial injury. Mean MD at 7 days post-RTP was significantly higher in those athletes who went on to sustain a repeat concussion within 1 year of initial injury than those who did not (p = 0.048; d = 0.75). In this underpowered sample, the relationship between MD at 7 days post-RTP and likelihood of sustaining a secondary injury approached significance [χ2 (1) = 4.17, p = 0.057; B = 0.03, SE = 0.017; OR = 1.03, CI = 0.99, 1.07]. Conclusions: These preliminary findings raise the hypothesis that persistent signal abnormalities in diffusion imaging metrics at RTP following concussion may be predictive of a repeat concussion. This may reflect a window of cerebral vulnerability or increased susceptibility following concussion, though understanding the clinical significance of these findings requires further study.
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    Head injury is associated with tau deposition on PET in MCI and AD patients
    (Wiley, 2021-08-24) Risacher, Shannon L.; West, John D.; Deardorff, Rachael; Gao, Sujuan; Farlow, Martin R.; Brosch, Jared R.; Apostolova, Liana G.; McAllister, Thomas W.; Wu, Yu-Chien; Jagust, William J.; Landau, Susan M.; Weiner, Michael W.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Head injuries (HI) are a risk factor for dementia, but the underlying etiology is not fully known. Understanding whether tau might mediate this relationship is important. Methods: Cognition and tau deposition were compared between 752 individuals with (impaired, n = 302) or without cognitive impairment (CN, n = 450) with amyloid and [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography, HI history information, and cognitive testing from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Indiana Memory and Aging Study. Results: Sixty-three (38 CN, 25 impaired) reported a history of HI. Higher neuropsychiatric scores and poorer memory were observed in those with a history of HI. Tau was higher in individuals with a history of HI, especially those who experienced a loss of consciousness (LOC). Results were driven by impaired individuals, especially amyloid beta-positive individuals with history of HI with LOC. Discussion: These findings suggest biological changes, such as greater tau, are associated with HI in individuals with cognitive impairment. Small effect sizes were observed; thus, further studies should replicate and extend these results.
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    Test–Retest Reliability of Computerized Neurocognitive Testing in Youth Ice Hockey Players
    (Oxford University Press, 2016-06) Womble, Melissa N.; Reynolds, Erin; Schatz, Philip; Shah, Kishan M.; Kontos, Anthony P.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine
    Computerized neurocognitive tests are frequently used to assess pediatric sport-related concussions; however, only 1 study has focused on the test–retest reliability of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) in high school athletes and age influences have largely been ignored. Therefore, the purpose was to investigate the test–retest reliability of ImPACT and underlying age influences in a pediatric population. Two hundred (169 men and 31 women) youth ice hockey players completed ImPACT before/after a 6-month season. Reliability was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and regression-based methods (RBz). ICCs for the sample ranged from .48 to .75 (single)/.65 to .86 (average). In general, the older athletes (15–18: Single/Average ICCs = .35–.75/.52–.86) demonstrated greater reliability across composites than the younger athletes (11–14: Single/Average ICCs = .54–.63/.70–.77). Although there was variation in athletes' performance across two test administrations, RBz revealed that only a small percentage of athletes performed beyond 80%, 90%, and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical metrics demonstrated reliability coefficients for ImPACT composites in a pediatric sample similar to previous studies, and also revealed important age-related influences.
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    Traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder are not associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology measured with biomarkers
    (Wiley, 2022-06-29) Weiner, Michael W.; Harvey, Danielle; Landau, Susan M.; Veitch, Dallas P.; Neylan, Thomas C.; Grafman, Jordan H.; Aisen, Paul S.; Petersen, Ronald C.; Jack, Clifford R., Jr.; Tosun, Duygu; Shaw, Leslie M.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Hayes, Jacqueline; DeCarli, Charles; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Epidemiological studies report an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the association between TBI/PTSD and biomarker-defined AD. Methods: We identified 289 non-demented veterans with TBI and/or PTSD and controls who underwent clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography, and apolipoprotein E testing. Participants were followed for up to 5.2 years. Results: Exposure groups (TBI, PTSD, and TBI + PTSD) had higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI: P < .0001) and worse Mini-Mental State Examination scores (PTSD: P = .008; TBI & PTSD: P = .009) than controls. There were no significant differences in other cognitive scores, MRI volumes, Aβ or tau accumulation, or in most longitudinal measures. Discussion: TBI and/or PTSD were not associated with elevated AD biomarkers. The poorer cognitive status of exposed veterans may be due to other comorbid pathologies.