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Item Establishment of agencies for local groundwater governance under California's Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.(2018) Milman, Anita; Galindo, Luisa; Blomquist, William; Conrad, EstherWith the passage of its 'Sustainable Groundwater Management Act' (SGMA), California devolved both authority and responsibility for achieving sustainable groundwater management to the local level, with state-level oversight. The passage of SGMA created a new political situation within each groundwater basin covered by the law, as public agencies were tasked with self-organizing to establish local Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs). This research examines GSA formation decisions to determine where GSAs formed, whether they were formed by a single agency or a partnership, and whether agencies chose to pursue sustainable groundwater management by way of a single basin-wide organization or by coordinating across multiple organizational structures. The research then tests hypotheses regarding the relative influence of control over the resource, control over decision making, transaction costs, heterogeneity and institutional bricolage on GSA formation decisions. Results indicate mixed preferences for GSA structure, though a majority of public water agencies preferred to independently form a GSA rather than to partner in forming a GSA. Results also suggest GSA formation decisions are the result of overlapping and interacting concerns about control, heterogeneity, and transaction costs. Future research should examine how GSA formation choices serve to influence achievement of groundwater sustainability at the basin scale.Item Fostering Governance and Information Partnerships for Chronic Disease Surveillance: The Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance(Wolters Kluwer, 2024) Kraus, Emily McCormick; Saintus, Lina; Martinez, Amanda K.; Brand, Bill; Begley, Elin; Merritt, Robert K.; Hamilton, Andrew; Rubin, Rick; Sullivan, Amy; Karras, Bryant Thomas; Grannis, Shaun; Brooks, Ian M.; Mui, Joyce Y.; Carton, Thomas W.; Hohman, Katherine H.; Klompas, Michael; Dixon, Brian E.; Medicine, School of MedicineContext: Electronic health records (EHRs) are an emerging chronic disease surveillance data source and facilitating this data sharing is complex. Program: Using the experience of the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance (MENDS), this article describes implementation of a governance framework that aligns technical, statutory, and organizational requirements to facilitate EHR data sharing for chronic disease surveillance. Implementation: MENDS governance was cocreated with data contributors and health departments representing Texas, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Washington, and Indiana through engagement from 2020 to 2022. MENDS convened a governance body, executed data-sharing agreements, and developed a master governance document to codify policies and procedures. Results: The MENDS governance committee meets regularly to develop policies and procedures on data use and access, timeliness and quality, validation, representativeness, analytics, security, small cell suppression, software implementation and maintenance, and privacy. Resultant policies are codified in a master governance document. Discussion: The MENDS governance approach resulted in a transparent governance framework that cultivates trust across the network. MENDS's experience highlights the time and resources needed by EHR-based public health surveillance networks to establish effective governance.Item Indianapolis-Marion County City-County Council: A Study of Council Effectiveness(Indiana University Public Policy Institute, 2020-02-28) Merritt, Cullen C.; Rutherford, AmandaThe purpose of this research is to measure and assess the effectiveness of the Indianapolis-Marion County City-County Council. Given that effectiveness may be defined in a number of ways, the research conducted includes many types of information that can provide a well-rounded assessment of the council.Item Limited leadership: an examination of Houston nonprofit board diversity and whether selection processes and executive director perceptions of governance models affect composition(2016-02-03) Seaworth, Angela D.; Cochran, Philip L.; Benjamin, Lehn; Mesch, Debra J.; Witkowski, Gregory R.Nonprofit governing board diversity recently gained attention from scholars, and the changing demographics of the United States' population create urgency around understanding how to diversify nonprofit boards. This study examined nonprofit board diversity in the largest majority-minority city in the United States -- Houston, Texas -- which was also declared the most diverse city in the country in the 2010 Census. GuideStar was used to identify nonprofit organizations in the Houston metropolitan area with annual revenue of $250,000+ and were contactable. 712 executive directors were surveyed electronically; there was a 26% response rate yielding responses from 185 nonprofit organizations. The survey was designed in three sections to study board composition, board processes and whether or not the executive director's perception of the governance model would influence the diversity ratio on an organization's board, and the analyses correspond with those three sections. The study found Houston's nonprofit boards are 9% more diverse than the national average and that Caucasians continue to be overrepresented in governing roles. Other composition findings were that the diversity ratio for board members under 35 years old is beginning to mirror the Houston population and that there was statistical significance between board members being 65 years+ and a lower diversity ratio on the board; however, there was no evidence that suggested nonprofit boards are more diverse in diverse communities. The study identified a gender gap in executive committee service, with a mode of one female serving on these committees despite that fact women make up 46% of all nonprofit board members. No relationship was found between diversity ratios and board procedures or the executive director's perception of the organization's governance model. Other findings were that Houston boards use executive committees at twice the rate of the national average, and that there is direct contradiction between the perceived value of diversity and what characteristics are considered important when recruiting board members. This study ruled out simple solutions for increasing board diversity through board procedures, and it identified areas for future research regarding governance models, the alignment of recruiting characteristics with board diversity and gender equality in leadership.Item Mediating Accountability: How Nonprofit Funding Intermediaries Use Performance Measurement and Why It Matters for Governance(Taylor & Francis, 2010) Benjamin, Lehn M.Performance measurement has become an important tool for ensuring accountability in a governance environment, where addressing public problems often takes place outside the direct purview of government. Although a good deal of attention has been given to government’s use of performance measurement in these settings, either in contracting relationships or interorganizational networks, this paper argues that ensuring accountability in a governance environment requires greater attention to how nonstate actors, or the other principals, use performance measurement. This paper focuses on nonprofit funding intermediaries and their use of performance measurement. Nonprofit funding intermediaries gather funds from a range of public and private donors and regrant these monies to a defined set of local nonprofits. As such, they occupy somewhat unique positions in a web of actors all seeking to solve public problems. We offer a conceptual overview of intermediaries and then critically examine how three nonprofit funding intermediaries used performance measurement.Item Susan A. Ostrander, Citizenship and Governance in a Changing City(Springer, 2014-02) Walk, Marlene[Excerpt] Susan A. Ostrander’s book Citizenship and Governance in a Changing City is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the struggles newcomers face in the process of gaining full community membership. Ostrander, a professor at Tufts University, provides a fascinating community-level perspective on civic engagement, focusing specifically on the role of voluntary associations and their relationship to the civic and political life of Somerville, MA.Item Understanding Nonprofit Governance and DEI Practices Among Marginalized Communities for a More Just & Inclusive Society(Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2023-03-20) Noor, Zeeshan; Siddiqui, Shariq; Paarlberg, Afshan; Saleem, Sana; Cheema, JehanzebCommunity-engaged practice and participatory research provide important feedback loops. In this project, the legal clinic relies on partnerships to build trust across communities. For example, legal colleagues, nonprofit colleagues, and former clients - who understand the benefits of legal screenings - are critical to relationship building. Ongoing, deep community engagement offers faculty ample opportunities to observe and learn firsthand about issues that are important to community members and helps guide the research. Ultimately, community perspectives and interests that translate into research findings offer opportunities for community reflection, action, and improvement. Empirical assessments of an organization’s financial policies, audits, and procedures are crucial to its success and efficient service delivery. It not only helps ensure that the organization’s financial activities are transparent and accountable but also helps build trust with internal and external stakeholders. Strong governance, the role of the board, and smooth relationships between the nonprofit’s management and its board members are equally important for an effective decision-making process. This coalition leads to strong fiscal policy implementation and measurement of its outcome. Many dilemmas are associated with Muslim organizations. One is the lack of equity and inclusion at different levels. Incorporating strong diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies and practices helps ensure that Muslim nonprofits are aligned with their goals and values. A diverse and inclusive workplace can lead to better decision-making and outcomes while attracting and retaining a diverse and talented workforce. It is equally necessary to involve everyone in developing and implementing DEI policies.