Browsing by Subject "Global"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Assessing Global Kidney Nutrition Care
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Wang, Angela Yee-Moon; Okpechi, Ikechi G.; Ye, Feng; Kovesdy, Csaba P.; Brunori, Giuliano; Burrowes, Jerrilynn D.; Campbell, Katrina; Damster, Sandrine; Fouque, Denis; Friedman, Allon N.; Garibotto, Giacomo; Guebre-Egziabher, Fitsum; Harris, David; Iseki, Kunitoshi; Jha, Vivekanand; Jindal, Kailash; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Kistler, Brandon; Kopple, Joel D.; Kuhlmann, Martin; Lunney, Meaghan; Mafra, Denise; Malik, Charu; Moore, Linda W.; Price, S. Russ; Steiber, Alison; Wanner, Christoph; Wee, Pieter Ter; Levin, Adeera; Johnson, David W.; Bello, Aminu K.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background and objectives: Nutrition intervention is an essential component of kidney disease management. This study aimed to understand current global availability and capacity of kidney nutrition care services, interdisciplinary communication, and availability of oral nutrition supplements. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM), working in partnership with the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) Global Kidney Health Atlas Committee, developed this Global Kidney Nutrition Care Atlas. An electronic survey was administered among key kidney care stakeholders through 182 ISN-affiliated countries between July and September 2018. Results: Overall, 160 of 182 countries (88%) responded, of which 155 countries (97%) answered the survey items related to kidney nutrition care. Only 48% of the 155 countries have dietitians/renal dietitians to provide this specialized service. Dietary counseling, provided by a person trained in nutrition, was generally not available in 65% of low-/lower middle-income countries and "never" available in 23% of low-income countries. Forty-one percent of the countries did not provide formal assessment of nutrition status for kidney nutrition care. The availability of oral nutrition supplements varied globally and, mostly, were not freely available in low-/lower middle-income countries for both inpatient and outpatient settings. Dietitians and nephrologists only communicated "sometimes" on kidney nutrition care in ≥60% of countries globally. Conclusions: This survey reveals significant gaps in global kidney nutrition care service capacity, availability, cost coverage, and deficiencies in interdisciplinary communication on kidney nutrition care delivery, especially in lower-income countries.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DISCORDANCE BETWEEN THE GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND PROTEOMIC RESPONSE OF THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE TO DELETION OF THE F-BOX PROTEIN, GRR1
    (2010-05) Heyen, Joshua William; Goebl, Mark, 1958-; Roach, Peter J.; Clemmer, David E.; Wang, Mu; Chen, Jake
    The Grr1 (Glucose Repression Resistant) protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an F-box protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein complex known as the SCFGrr1 (Skp, Cullin, F-box). F-box proteins serve as substrate receptors for this complex and in this capacity Grr1 serves to promote the ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of a number of intracellular protein substrates. Substrates of SCFGrr1 include the G1-S phase cyclins, Cln1 and Cln2, the Cdc42 effectors and cell polarity proteins, Gic1 and Gic2, the FCH-bar domain protein, Hof1, required for cytokinesis, the meiosis activating serine/threonine protein kinase, Ime2, the transcriptional regulators of glucose transporters, Mth1 and Std1, and the mitochondrial retrograde response inhibitor Mks1. Stabilization of these substrates lead to pleiotrophic phenotypic defects in grr1Δ strains including resistance to glucose repression, accumulation of grr1Δ cells in G2 and M phase of the cell cycle, sensitivity to osmotic stress, and resistance to divalent cations. However, many of these phenotypes are not reflected at the gene expression level. We conducted a quantitative genomic vii and proteomic comparison of 914 loci in a grr1Δ and wild-type strain grown to early log-phase in glucose media. These loci encompassed 16.7% of the Saccharomyces proteome of which 22.3% exhibited discordance between gene and protein expression. GO process enrichment analysis revealed that discordant loci were enriched in the processes of “trafficking”, “mitosis”, and “carbon/energy” metabolism. Here we show that these instances of discordance are biologically relevant and in fact reflect phenotypes of grr1Δ strains not evident at the transcriptional level. Additionally, through combined biochemical and network analysis of discordant loci among “carbon and energy metabolism” we were able to not only construct a model for central carbon metabolism in grr1Δ strains but also were able to elucidate a novel molecular event that may serve to regulate glucose repression of genes needed for respiration in response to changes in glucose concentration.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A global survey on changes in the supply, price and use of illicit drugs and alcohol, and related complications during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
    (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2020-07-24) Farhoudian, Ali; Radfar, Seyed Ramin; Ardabili, Hossein Mohaddes; Rafei, Parnian; Ebrahimy, Mohsen; Zonoozi, Arash Khojasteh; Jong, Cornelis A. J. De; Vahidi, Mehrnoosh; Yunesian, Masud; Kouimtsidis, Christos; Arunogiri, Shalini; Hansen, Helena; Brady, Kathleen T.; Potenza, Marc N.; ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium; Baldacchino, Alexander Mario; Ekhtiari, Hamed; Psychology, School of Science
    Background and aims: COVID-19 has infected more than 13 million people worldwide and impacted the lives of many more, with a particularly devastating impact on vulnerable populations, including people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Quarantines, travel bans, regulatory changes, social distancing and ′lockdown′ measures have affected drug and alcohol supply chains and subsequently their availability, price and use patterns, with possible downstream effects on presentations of SUDs and demand for treatment. Given the lack of multicentric epidemiologic studies, we conducted a rapid global survey within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) network in order to understand the status of substance-use patterns during the current pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Starting on April 4th, 2020 during a 5-week period, the survey received 185 responses from 77 countries. Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals′ perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Participants reported (among who answered ″decreased″ or ″increased″, percentage of those who were in majority is reported in the parenthesis) a decrease in drug supply (69.0%), and at the same time an increase in price (95.3%) globally. With respect to changes in use patterns, an increase in alcohol (71.7%), cannabis (63.0%), prescription opioids (70.9%), and sedative/hypnotics (84.6%) use was reported while the use of amphetamines (59.7%), cocaine (67.5%), and opiates (58.2%) was reported to decrease overall. Conclusions: The global report on changes in the availability, use patterns and complications of alcohol and drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be considered in making new policies and in developing mitigating measures and guidelines during the current pandemic (and probable future ones) in order to minimize risks to SUDs. Key words: COVID-19, pandemic, alcohol, drug, substance use disorder, supply, price.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Human monkeypox disease (MPX)
    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salern, 2022-09-01) Farahat, Ramadan Abdelmoez; Sah, Ranjit; El-Sakka, Amro A.; Benmelouka, Amira Yasmine; Kundu, Mrinmoy; Labieb, Fatma; Shaheen, Rahma Sameh; Abdelaal, Abdelaziz; Abdelazeem, Basel; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Franco-Paredes, Carlos; Henao-Martinez, Andres F.; Garout, Mohammed A.; León-Figueroa, Darwin A.; Pachar, Monica; Suárez, José Antonio; Ramirez, Juan David; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Rabaan, Ali A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Nishiura, Hiroshi; Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer; Garcia-Robledo, Juan Esteban; Cimerman, Sergio; Barbosa, Alexandre Naime; Pagliano, Pasquale; Zambrano-Sanchez, Gabriela; Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A.; Bížová, Beatrice; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Monkeypox is a rare viral infection, endemic in many central and western African countries. The last international outbreak of monkeypox reported outside Africa occurred back in 2003. However, monkeypox has reemerged at a global scale with numerous confirmed cases across the globe in 2022. The rapid spread of cases through different countries has raised serious concerns among public health officials worldwide prompting accelerated investigations aimed to identify the origins and cause of the rapid expansion of cases. The current situation is reminiscent of the very early stages of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Overlapping features between these, two seemingly alike viral entities include the possibility for airborne transmission and the currently unexplained and rapid spread across borders. Early recognition of cases and timely intervention of potential transmission chains are necessary to contain further outbreaks. Measures should include rapid and accurate diagnosis of cases meeting case definitions, active surveillance efforts, and appropriate containment of confirmed cases. Governments and health policymakers must apply lessons learned from previous outbreaks and start taking active steps toward limiting the recent global spread of monkeypox. Herein, we discuss the status of the current monkeypox outbreaks worldwide, the epidemiological and public health situation at a global scale and what can be done to keep at bay its further expansion and future global implications.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Letter: The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Neurosurgeons Worldwide
    (Oxford University Press, 2020-05-20) El-Ghandour, Nasser M. F.; Elsebaie, Eman H.; Salem, Amany A.; Alkhamees, Abdullah F.; Zaazoue, Mohamed A.; Fouda, Mohammed A.; Elbadry, Rasha G.; Aly, Mohamed; Bakr, Hebatalla; Labib, Mohamed A.; Tobin, Matthew K.; Gragnaniello, Cristian; Gonzalez-Lopez, Pablo; Shamisa, Abdalla; Jhawar, Balraj S.; Soliman, Mohamed A. R.; Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine
    The aim of our study was to explore the impact of this pandemic on neurosurgeons with the hope of improving preparedness for future crisis. We created a 20-question survey designed to explore demographics (nation, duration and scope of practice, and case-burden), knowledge (source of information), clinical impact (elective clinic/surgery cancellations), hospital preparedness (availability of personal protective equipment [PPE] and cost of the supplies), and personal factors (financial burden, workload, scientific and research activities). The survey was first piloted with 10 neurosurgeons and then revised. Surveys were distributed electronically in 7 languages (Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish) between March 20 and April 3, 2020 using Google Forms, WeChat used to obtain responses, and Excel (Microsoft) and SPSS (IBM) used to analyze results. All responses were cross-verified by 2 members of our team. After obtaining results, we analyzed our data with histograms and standard statistical methods (Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression). Participants were first informed about the objectives of our survey and assured confidentiality after they agreed to participate (Helsinki declaration). We received 187 responses from 308 invitations (60.7%), and 474 additional responses were obtained from social media-based neurosurgery groups (total responses = 661). The respondents were from 96 countries representing 6 continents (Figure ​(Figure11A-​A-11C).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Supporting University-wide Institutional Change in Global Health Volunteerism: A Case in Progress
    (2018-04-16) Price, Mary F.; Leslie, Stephanie; Mulholland, James; Christy, Lisa; Custer, Jennifer; Brann, Maria; Besing, Kari L.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    We distance most when we believe our social circle does
    (Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science, 2020-08-05) Tuncgenc, Bahar; El Zein, Marwa; Sulik, Justin; Newson, Martha; Zhao, Yi; Dezecache, Guillaume; Deroy, Ophelia; Biostatistics, School of Public Health
    Why do we adopt new rules, such as social distancing? While decades of psychology research stresses the importance of social influence on individual behaviour, many COVID-19 campaigns focused on convincing individuals that distancing is the right thing to do. In a global dataset (114 countries, n=6674), we investigated how social influences predict people’s adherence to distancing rules during the pandemic. Analyses showed that people practised distancing more when they thought their close social circle did so; this social influence mattered more than people thinking distancing was the right thing. People’s adherence also aligned with their fellow citizens’, but only if they deeply bonded with their country. Personal vulnerability to the disease predicted distancing more for people with larger social circles. Empathy, collective efficacy and collectivism also significantly predicted distancing. During crises, policymakers can achieve behavioural change by emphasising shared values and harnessing the social influence of close friends and relatives.