Browsing by Subject "Fluorides, Topical"
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Item A Study of the Effectiveness of Topical Fluoride Treatment Following the Removal of Direct Bonded Brackets(1976) Short, Steven T.; Garner, LaForrest D.; Kasle, Myron J.; Cunningham, Donald M.; Shanks, James C., Jr.; Barton, Paul; Phillips, Ralph W.In this investigation an attempt was made to determine what effect direct bonded attachments have on the posttreatment uptake of topically applied fluoride. Thirty-two freshly extracted mandibular central and lateral incisors were used. The teeth were cleaned, labeled and an adhesive tape window applied to the crown exposing a circular area one quarter inch in diameter on the labial surface. An initial enamel biopsy was performed to determine the fluoride content of the labial surface. Fifty percent phosphoric acid was applied for one minute to condition the teeth for bonding. A polycarbonate orthodontic bracket was then bonded with Sevriton resin and each tooth was stored for one week in water. After storage, the brackets were then removed and residual resin was cleaned off with a dental scaler. Half of the teeth were pumiced with flour of pumice for ten seconds. The teeth were observed microscopically to determine the condition of the labial surface. A 2% solution of sodium fluoride was applied to the teeth for eight minutes and the samples were then individually stored in water for one week. An enamel biopsy was performed and analyzed for fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus. A great deal of fluoride was taken up by the enamel surface on all the specimens. It was found that pumicing the teeth prior to the application of topical fluoride results in a significantly greater uptake of fluoride by the enamel surface. The results of this investigation indicate that a pumice wash following bracket removal facilitates a greater and more uniform uptake of topically applied fluoride on the surface of the teeth.Item Artificial biofilm thickness and salivary flow effects on fluoride efficacy – A model development study(2017-10-26) Lippert, Frank; Hara, Anderson T.; Churchley, David; Lynch, Richard J. M.This laboratory model development study investigated the interaction between artificial biofilm thickness and salivary flow rate on fluoride-mediated prevention of enamel caries lesion formation. This 5-day pH cycling study on sound bovine enamel specimens utilized a continuous flow model and followed a 4 (agarose biofilm thickness-‘no biofilm’/1/2/3mm)×2 (remineralizing solution flow rate-0.05/0.5ml/min)×2 (fluoride-0/383ppm as sodium fluoride) factorial design. Vickers surface microhardness change was the outcome measure. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA. The three-way interaction gel thickness×flow rate×fluoride concentration was significant (p=0.0006). 383ppm fluoride caused less softening than 0ppm regardless of gel thickness or flow rate. 0.5ml/min flow rate caused less softening than 0.05ml/min for ‘no biofilm’ and 1mm biofilm thickness regardless of fluoride concentration, for 2 and 3mm with 0ppm F but not for 383ppm F. For 0.05ml/min, softening was reduced as gel thickness increased from ‘no biofilm’-1-2mm, but not from 2-3mm. For 0.5ml/min, ‘no biofilm’ caused more softening than 1, 2, and 3mm, but 1, 2, and 3mm were not different from each other for both 0 and 383ppm F. The present findings suggest that the efficacy of fluoride in preventing enamel demineralization is affected by both biofilm thickness and salivary flow rate, with both thicker biofilms and higher flow rate resulting in less demineralization.Item Clinical evaluation of the use of fluoridated water on the deciduous dentition(1966) Katz, Simon, 1920-1987Item Fluoride uptake by enamel from stannous fluoride and prophylaxis pastes(1975) Sokoloff, Philip, 1947-The purposes of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether applying zirconium silicate prophylaxis paste (containing nine per cent stannous fluoride) prior to topical application of 10 per cent aqueous solution of stannous fluoride would promote a significantly greater enamel fluoride uptake than when the solution was applied alone; and (2) to determine whether rinsing the mouth with tap water immediately after these procedures would significantly affect enamel fluoride uptake. A modification of an in vivo, acid-etched enamel biopsy technique was used to measure fluoride and calcium contents of the outermost layer of enamel in first permanent molars and primary cuspids of 89 children. Four sites were biopsied prior to treatment. Treatments involved prophylaxes with a zirconium silicate paste either containing or not containing nine per cent stannous fluoride, followed by either a four-minute topical application of 10 per cent stannous fluoride in an aqueous solution or no such topical application. Some participants were instructed not to rinse for one-half hour; others were immediately offered unlimited quantities of tap water. Four other sites were biopsied one week after treatment; four more were biopsied two weeks after treatment. Pre- versus post-treatment differences were measured via a fluoride-sensitive electrode and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results were inconclusive. Enamel fluoride uptakes for most treatment groups appeared to be negative. Due to this seeming disagreement with the findings of many other investigators, and due to the very small numbers within treatment groups and biopsy sites, it was felt that uptake comparisons from group to group would be misleading. Tentative explanations for the unexpected results were offered.Item Vitamin - Fluoride supplements: effect on dental caries and fluorosis in sub-optimum fluoride areas(1975) Hennon, David Kent, 1933-; Roche, James R., 1924-; El-Kafrawy, Abdel Hady, 1935-; Bixler, David; Katz, Simon, 1920-1987; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003; Mitchell, David F.This study was designed to determine if additional fluoride, ingested as a sodium fluoride - vitamin supplement would provide added protection against dental caries without causing any significant fluorosis. A total of 456 children, one to 14 months of age, residing in cities having 0.6 - 0. 8 ppm F in the water supply were randomly assigned according to age, sex and community to the following groups : Group A, 0. 5 mg F to age 3 then 1. 0 mg thereafter; Group B (control), vitamins throughout the study; and Group C, 0.5 mg F throughout the study. Dental examinations were started at approximately 2 1/2 to 3 years of age and were repeated every six months. A fluorosis examination ended the study after about seven years. When compared according to length of time on product, Group A had a significant reduction in deft and defs of 42.2 and 47.1 percent at 60 months. Group C had a 32.1 and 37.4 percent reduction. When compared by age, Group A had a 37.5 and 44.8 percent reduction in deft and defs at 66 months. Group C had a 34.3 and 40.1 percent reduction for the same period. No significant reductions were observed in permanent teeth. Based on the fluorosis index (Group A - 0.250; Group B - 0.033; and Group C - 0.188) none of the groups had any unacceptable amounts of fluorosis. The results indicate that up to 1.0 mg per day of additional fluoride does not cause objectionable fluorosis and may be ingested safely by children residing in areas containing 0. 6 - 0. 8 ppm F in the water supply. A 0.5 mg F supplement was almost as effective as a 1.0 mg level in providing added protection against dental caries in primary teeth.