Browsing by Subject "Fluorides"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 23
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    A comparison of a 2.26% fluoride varnish versus a 1.23% APF foam using polarized light microscopy, confocal microscopy and quantitative light fluorescence
    (2000) Quackenbush, Brett Michael; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Fontana, Margherita Ruth, 1966-; Stookey, George K.; Tomlin, Angela; Donly, Kevin J.
    Secondary caries and the replacement of existing restorations account for 50 to 70 percent of operative dentistry today. Quantitative Light Fluorescence (QLF) has been shown to be effective at diagnosing very early tooth demineralization on smooth surfaces (less than 50 μ in depth); however, QLF has never been utilized to evaluate secondary caries in dentin. The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of QLF in diagnosing early secondary caries and then verify the results using confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Seventy-five mandibular molar teeth were prepared with Class V amalgam preparations on the mesial surface. A fluoridated varnish and 1.23- percent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) were introduced to this evaluation system, two agents known to effectively inhibit tooth demineralization. The artificial caries system utilized was adjusted to ensure that secondary caries would occur at restoration/tooth surface interfaces. The teeth were exposed to this artificial caries challenge for five days and following lesion formation, QLF was used to determine if incipient demineralization could be detected. The results of the QLF analysis were then compared with the data gathered using confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Our results demonstrate that QLF detected 100 percent of the lesions seen with confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy; however, no sound specimens were analyzed with any of the three techniques. There were no consistent significant differences between the fluoridated varnish and APF (p < 0.05) with any of the three methods utilized. We conclude that QLF can be used in early caries diagnosis and that emphasis should now be focused on treatment of the early lesion.
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    Effect of a stable 30 per cent stannous fluoride solution on recurrent caries around amalgam restorations
    (1968) Alexander, William Everett, 1938-; Swartz, Marjorie L.; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Shafer, William G.
    This was a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a stable 30 per cent stannous fluoride solution on recurrent caries around the margins of amalgam restorations. Two hundred ninety deciduous and permanent teeth were restored in 34 children, ages six to nine years. Cavity preparations were treated with either stable 30 per cent stannous fluoride solution or a placebo solution (double blind technique) prior to the placement of amalgam restorations. A comprehensive coded system was used to record the description and position of conditions associated with recurrent caries after a one-year period. Children receiving the stannous fluoride treatment experienced a 58.9 per cent reduction in recurrent caries when compared to the control children. The children receiving the stannous fluoride treatment showed a 60.7 and 46.7 per cent reduction in recurrent carious lesions in permanent and deciduous teeth, respectively, when compared to the control children. The reduction in recurrent caries was attributed to the anticariogenic effect of the stannous fluoride treatment. Conditions associated with recurrent caries were mainly inadequate extension in fissures and grooves, overextension of the cavity preparation, marginal fractures of enamel and amalgam, marginal excess, and deterioration of the amalgam margin. Recurrent caries around the margins of restorations appeared to depend on (1) the caries susceptibility of the adjacent tooth structure,(2) the extension of the cavity preparation, and (3) the condition of the amalgam-enamel margin.
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    Effect of Bottled Water and Fluoride Toothpaste Usage on Caries Lesion Remineralization
    (2023) Qaw, Masoumah Samir; Lippert, Frank; Al Dehailan, Laila; Hara, Anderson T; Cook, N. Blaine
    Background: The importance of fluoride in the prevention of dental caries has been well documented in the literature, as it inhibits demineralization of the tooth structure and enhances remineralization. One of the major public health policies to prevent caries is to provide the population with an adequate amount of fluoride through community water fluoridation. Nowadays many people drink bottled water instead of tap water due to its easy access, convenience, and low cost. Besides fluoride, other minerals present in tap and bottled water, such as calcium and magnesium, are also important in decreasing dental caries prevalence. However, our knowledge of the role of bottled water in caries prevention and especially when combined with fluoride toothpaste usage is still poor. Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effects of some bottled waters on fluoride toothpaste efficacy in enhancing caries lesion remineralization. Methodology: Early caries lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens and stratified into treatment groups based on Vickers surface microhardness (VHN). The present study followed a two (fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste) by five (four bottled waters and tap water) factorial design. The treatment groups were bottled water with the following attributes: a) 309.9 ppm Ca/1.20 ppm F; b) 118.4 ppm Ca/0.16 ppm F; c) 1.00 ppm Ca/1.01 ppm F; d) 0.1 ppm Ca/0.04 ppm F, and tap water (48.7 ppm Ca/0.7 ppm F). The five water groups were paired either with 1100 ppm fluoride or fluoride-free toothpaste, yielding 10 groups. Specimens were pH-cycled for 10 days with the daily regimen comprised of twice daily toothpaste slurry, with four exposures to water in between. VHN was measured, again, and the difference calculated (ΔVHN). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at a 5-percent significance level. Results: The two-way interaction between water and toothpaste was significant (p < 0.001). All groups except fluoride-free toothpaste/bottled water with 0.1 ppm Ca/0.04 ppm F (p = 0.411) had significant increases in VHN after pH cycling (p ≤ 0.023). Fluoridated toothpaste resulted in a higher rate of remineralization compared to fluoridefree toothpaste (all p < 0.001). Bottled water with 1.20 ppm F/309.9 ppm Ca exhibited the greatest extent of remineralization within fluoride toothpaste groups (p < 0.001) and higher remineralization than lower fluoride water in fluoride-free toothpaste groups (p ≤ 0.006). Within the fluoridated toothpaste group, tap water exhibited significantly less remineralization compared to all bottled waters (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, bottled water with higher fluoride and calcium concentrations might improve fluoridated toothpaste efficacy by enhancing remineralization of early enamel caries-like lesions.
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    Effect of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a protease inhibitor, on enamel surface remineralization
    (SciELO, 2023) Peres, Paulo Edelvar Corrêa; Fu, Jean; Zero, Domenick T.; Cury, Jaime Aparecido; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry
    Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) is a protease inhibitor widely used in research, but fluoride is released during its action and this knowledge has been neglected in dental research. Aim to evaluate if fluoride released by salivary protease action on PMSF affects enamel remineralization and fluoride uptake. Methods Groups of 10 enamel slabs, with caries-like lesions and known surface hardness (SH), were subjected to one of the following treatment groups: Stimulated human saliva (SHS), negative control; SHS containing 1.0 μg F/mL (NaF), positive control; and SHS containing 10, 50 or 100 µM PMSF. The slabs were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen consisting of 22 h/day in each treatment solution and 2 h/day in a demineralizing solution. After 12 days, SH was again measured to calculate the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), followed by enamel fluoride uptake determination. The time-related fluoride release from 100.0 µM PMSF by SHS action was also determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test. Results The release of fluoride from PMSF by SHS was rapid, reaching a maximum value after 10 min. Fluoride released from PMSF was more effective in enhancing %SHR and increasing fluoride uptake in enamel compared with SHS alone (p < 0.05); furthermore, it was equivalent to the positive control (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, fluoride released by saliva from PMSF is available to react with enamel and needs to be taken into account in research using this protease inhibitor.
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    Enhancing Root Caries Lesion Prevention By Combining Two American Dental Association-Recommended Preventive Agents
    (2022) Almudahi, Abdulellah; Duarte, Simone; Hara, Anderson; Cook, N.Blaine
    Purpose: This in vitro study aims to analyze the effect of combining two ADA-recommended professionally applied 1:1 Chlorhexidine/Thymol varnish ((Cervitec Plus)) and professionally prescribed 5,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste ((PreviDent 5000 Plus)) on reducing lesion depth and increasing mineral content Materials & Methods: Forty-eight dentin specimens were randomly distributed into four treatment groups (n=12 per treatment). Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans were created on the polished surfaces of bovine root dentin specimens (n=12 per treatment). 1:1 Chlorhexidine/Thymol varnish was applied once then the tested 5,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste was applied for 120 seconds twice daily over the course of 2 days. Tested groups were: (1) 1:1 Chlorhexidine/Thymol varnish ((Cervitec Plus)) (C/T). (2) 5,000 ppm F toothpaste ((PreviDent 5000 Plus)) (F). (3) Combination of 1:1 Chlorhexidine/Thymol varnish ((Cervitec Plus)) & 5000 ppm F toothpaste ((PreviDent 5000 Plus)) (C/T+F). (4) Deionized water (DIW) as control group. Biofilms were analyzed for biofilm dry weight. Dentin specimens were analyzed using transversal microradiography (TMR) for mineral content change and lesion depth. PH data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Total biofilm dry weight data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Integrated mineral loss and lesion depth data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA All pair-wise comparisons from ANOVA analysis were made using Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Differences to control the overall significance level at 5%. Results: Treatment with (C/T+F) resulted in higher mean pH values compared to the control group (DIW) and (F) group. The average pH values of group (C/T) were not statistically different than group (C/T+F). the biomass of the combined S. mutans & C. albicans biofilm among all the groups were not significantly different. (DIW) presented significantly deeper lesions for both surfaces (sound &demineralized) when compared to (F) (P=0.0118), (C/T) (P=0.0002), and (C/T+F) (P<.0001). The sound surfaces for the specimens for group (C/T) and Group (F) showed superficial lesion depth. However, the sound surfaces of specimens treated with (C/T+F) showed the most superficial depth. Due to mineral gain, the demineralized surfaces of the specimens of both (C/T) & (C/T+F) showed a decrease in the lesion depth. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our study. The combination of 5,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste and CHX/Thymol had no significant effect on mineral content. However, the combination had a considerable effect on lesion depth reduction.
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    Erosive tooth wear inhibition by hybrid coatings with encapsulated fluoride and stannous ions
    (Springer, 2021-07-01) Bezerra, Sávio José Cardoso; Viana, Ítallo Emídio Lira; Aoki, Idalina Vieira; Sobral, Maria Angela Pita; Borges, Alessandra Buhler; Hara, Anderson T.; Scaramucci, Taís; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry
    This study aimed to formulate a hybrid coating material (HC) and to modify this HC with fluoride (NaF) and stannous (SnCl2) ions, directly or encapsulated in nano containers, testing the effects of these materials against dental erosion and erosion-abrasion. Enamel and dentin specimens were treated with the HCs, and then tested in erosion or erosion-abrasion cycling models of 5 days (n = 10 for each substrate, for each model). Deionized water was the negative control, and a fluoride varnish, the positive control. Surface loss (SL, in µm) was evaluated with an optical profilometer, and data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, in erosion, the positive control and HC without additives showed significantly lower SL than the negative control (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001). In erosion-abrasion, none of the groups differed from the negative control (p > 0.05). For dentin, in erosion, the positive control, HC without additives, HC with non-encapsulated F, and HC with encapsulated F + Sn showed lower SL than the negative control (p < 0.05). In erosion-abrasion, none of the groups differed significantly from the negative control (p < 0.05). HC without additives showed a promising potential for protecting the teeth against dental erosion (with upward trend for improved protection on dentin), but not against erosion-abrasion. The presence of additives did not improve the protective effect of the HC, on both substrates.
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    Evaluation of a dental amalgam alloy containing the fluoride additive stannous hexafluorozirconate
    (1973) Weaver, Richard G., 1939-
    This study was designed to evaluate a dental alloy containing stannous hexafluorozirconate at 0.5 percent by weight, to determine how the fluoride additive might affect the physical properties of the alloy and the clinical performance of the amalgam restorations. Using established methodology, the fluoride containing alloy was evaluated in the laboratory for fluoride release, enamel uptake and solubility, strength, hardness, flow, dimensional change, corrosion resistance, and marginal leakage. Clinically, 98 pairs of test and control restorations were placed and evaluated for marginal adaptation, surface characteristics, and recurrent caries. The results indicate that the fluoride containing alloy meets the ADA specifications for amalgam alloys, though the strength properties of the amalgam are reduced. The increased susceptibility to corrosion noted in the laboratory for the fluoride-containing amalgam did not correlate with the clinical performance of the restorations, which showed no deleterious affects resulting from the addition of the fluoride compound. The reduced enamel solubility observed in the laboratory can be considered an adjunct in the prevention of recurrent caries, though no recurrent caries was reported for either the test or control restorations. Again, the prevention of recurrent caries must begin with appropriate cavity design, care in manipulation of materials and responsible diet and hygiene practices.