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Browsing by Subject "Fatalism"
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Item African American patients' intent to screen for colorectal cancer: Do cultural factors, health literacy, knowledge, age and gender matter?(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016-02) Brittain, Kelly; Christy, Shannon M.; Rawl, Susan M.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceAfrican Americans have higher colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates. Research suggests that CRC screening interventions targeting African Americans be based upon cultural dimensions. Secondary analysis of data from African-Americans who were not up-to-date with CRC screening (n=817) was conducted to examine: 1) relationships among cultural factors (i.e., provider trust, cancer fatalism, health temporal orientation (HTO)), health literacy, and CRC knowledge; 2) age and gender differences; and 3) relationships among the variables and CRC screening intention. Provider trust, fatalism, HTO, health literacy and CRC knowledge had significant relationships among study variables. The FOBT intention model explained 43% of the variance with age and gender being significant predictors. The colonoscopy intention model explained 41% of the variance with gender being a significant predictor. Results suggest that when developing CRC interventions for African Americans, addressing cultural factors remain important, but particular attention should be given to the age and gender of the patient.Item The Direct and Indirect Influences of Parenting: The Facets of Time-Perspective and Impaired Control along the Alcohol-Related Problems Pathway(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Patock-Peckham, Julie A.; Walters, Kyle J.; Mehok, Lauren E.; Leeman, Robert F.; Ruof, Ariana K.; Filson Moses, Jennifer; Psychology, School of ScienceBackground: Social Learning Theory suggests how one conceptualizes time will be passed from parent to child (Bandura & Walters, 1963). Through the lens of Behavioral Economics Theory (Vuchinich & Simpson, 1998), impaired control may be characterized as consuming alcohol as a form of immediate gratification as a choice over more distal rewards. Because impaired control reflects a self-regulation failure specific to the drinking situation, it may be directly related to time-perspectives. Objectives: This investigation explored whether or not the indirect influences of perceived parenting styles on alcohol use and related problems is mediated by both facets of time-perspective (e.g. hedonism, present-fatalism, future, past-positive, past-negative) and impaired control over drinking. Methods: We examined a structural equation model with 391 (207 women; 184 men) college student drinkers. We used an asymmetric bias-corrected bootstrap technique to conduct mediational analyses (MacKinnon, 2008). Results: Higher levels of past-positive time-perspective were indirectly linked to both less alcohol use and fewer alcohol-related problems through less impaired control. In contrast, higher levels of present-fatalism were indirectly linked to more alcohol use through more impaired control. Higher levels of father permissiveness and mother authoritarianism were indirectly linked to both more impaired control and alcohol use through more present-fatalism. In addition, higher levels of father authoritarianism were indirectly linked to more alcohol use through more hedonism. Conclusions/Implications: Our results support the notion that drinking beyond one’s self-prescribed limits is associated with time-perspectives related to negative aspects of the parent-offspring socialization process, such as fatalism.Item Examining Rural-Urban Differences in Fatalism and Information Overload: Data from Twelve NCI-designated Cancer Centers(American Association for Cancer Research, 2022) Jensen, Jakob D.; Shannon, Jackilen; Iachan, Ronaldo; Deng, Yangyang; Kim, Sunny Jung; Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy; Faseru, Babalola; Paskett, Electra D.; Hu, Jinxiang; Vanderpool, Robin C.; Lazovich, DeAnn; Mendoza, Jason A.; Shete, Sanjay; Robertson, Linda B.; Balkrishnan, Rajesh; Briant, Katherine J.; Haaland, Benjamin; Haggstrom, David A.; Rural Workgroup of the Population Health Assessment in Cancer Center Catchment Areas Consortium; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground: Rural populations experience a disproportionate cancer burden relative to urban populations. One possibility is that rural populations are more likely to hold counterproductive cancer beliefs such as fatalism and information overload that undermine prevention and screening behaviors. Methods: Between 2016 and 2020, 12 U.S. cancer centers surveyed adults in their service areas using online and in-person survey instruments. Participants (N = 10,362) were designated as rural (n = 3,821) or urban (n = 6,541). All participants were 18 and older (M = 56.97, SD = 16.55), predominately non-Hispanic White (81%), and female (57%). Participants completed three items measuring cancer fatalism ("It seems like everything causes cancer," "There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer," and "When I think about cancer, I automatically think about death") and one item measuring cancer information overload ("There are so many different recommendations about preventing cancer, it's hard to know which ones to follow"). Results: Compared with urban residents, rural residents were more likely to believe that (i) everything causes cancer (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.43); (ii) prevention is not possible (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51); and (iii) there are too many different recommendations about cancer prevention (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41), and cancer is always fatal (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33). Conclusions: Compared with their urban counterparts, rural populations exhibited higher levels of cancer fatalism and cancer information overload. Impact: Future interventions targeting rural populations should account for higher levels of fatalism and information overload.