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Item THE EFFECT OF NANO-FILLED RESIN COATING ON FLUORIDE RELEASE IN A NEW CONVENTIONAL GLASS IONOMER CEMENT(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Al Dehailan, Laila; Eckert, George; Platt, JeffreyThe objective of this study was to evaluate fluoride release amounts and patterns from high strength tooth filling material (EQUIA™) which is a con-ventional Glass Ionomer Cement, and investigate whether the application of nano-filled resin-based coating with different thicknesses has any effect on fluoride release from this new material. A total of 120 disc shaped specimens (10 x 2 mm) of EQUIA™ were fabricated according to manufacturer’s in-structions. Samples were subsequently divided into three groups: no resin coating; coated with nano-filled resin-based coat; coated with nano-filled resin-based coat then subjected to abrasion using a mechanical tooth brush-ing machine. Each specimen was soaked individually into a polyethylene container with 20 ml of distilled water and stored at 37ºC. Samples from each group were soaked for four time points; 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. Fluoride content was then measured using a fluoride-specific ion elec-trode (Model 9609BNWP, Orion Research, Boston MA, USA). The effects of time and coating on fluoride release were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with multiple comparisons performed using the Sidak method at an overall 5% significance level. The distribution of the fluoride release measurements was examined and a natural logarithm transformation of the data was necessary to satisfy the ANOVA assumptions. The time-by-coating interaction was significant (p<0.0001). We can conclude that fluo-ride level significantly increased with time for non-coated and coated then abraded samples only. Application of resin coat significantly reduced fluoride release. Also, subjecting coated samples to tooth brush abrasion increased the fluoride release when compared to coated specimens but was still signifi-cantly less than uncoated samples.Item The Effect Of Faucet Mount Water Filters On The Fluoride And Calcium Concentrations Of Tap Water(2023) Aljuaid, Ahmed; Lippert, Frank; Soto Rojas, Armando E.; Al Dehailan, LailaBackground: Fluoride and other minerals are present in drinking water in varying amounts either naturally or have been intentionally added. Minerals in water are important for the provision of electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, potassium) and for caries prevention (fluoride, calcium). However, the use of water filtration systems, which have become increasingly popular, can lead to a significant reduction in the concentration of some minerals in tap water. Objectives: to investigate the effect of faucet mount filters on fluoride and calcium concentrations in tap water. Materials and Methods: We investigated a convenience sample of 15 different brands of faucet mount water filters (PUR, Brita, Waterdrop, Culligan, Engdenton, DuPont, Instapure, iSpring, OEMIRY, IVO, SJ WAVE, WINGSOL, ZeroWater, AIBERLE, MIST) available in different home improvement retail stores in Indianapolis as well as on amazon.com. Water samples were collected prior to installation and after removal of the filters to determine fluoride and calcium baseline values. After mounting the filters, samples were collected at intervals when 1 L, 5 L, 10 L, 30 L, 50 L, 75 L, and 100 L of water passed through each filter for fluoride and calcium analysis. Fluoride analysis was conducted by using a fluoride ion-specific electrode (Orion #96-909-00). Calcium analysis was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: There were significantly lower (p < 0.05) fluoride and calcium levels in PUR, Brita, and AIBERLE filters compared with unfiltered water, while Waterdrop, WINGSOL, and MIST had higher levels of fluoride and calcium. Overall, differences between filtered vs. unfiltered water were small for fluoride (up to 4-percent reduction) but larger for calcium (up to 25-percent reduction). Conclusion: The results suggest that faucet mount filters may not affect fluoride concentrations in tap water in a clinically significant manner, but some may reduce calcium concentrations significantly.