Browsing by Subject "Exposome"

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    Mapping the Urban Lead Exposome: A Detailed Analysis of Soil Metal Concentrations at the Household Scale Using Citizen Science
    (MDPI, 2018-07-19) Filippelli, Gabriel M.; Adamic, Jessica; Nichols, Deborah; Shukle, John; Frix, Emeline; Earth Sciences, School of Science
    An ambitious citizen science effort in the city of Indianapolis (IN, USA) led to the collection and analysis of a large number of samples at the property scale, facilitating the analysis of differences in soil metal concentrations as a function of property location (i.e., dripline, yard, and street) and location within the city. This effort indicated that dripline soils had substantially higher values of lead and zinc than other soil locations on a given property, and this pattern was heightened in properties nearer the urban core. Soil lead values typically exceeded the levels deemed safe for children’s play areas in the United States (<400 ppm), and almost always exceeded safe gardening guidelines (<200 ppm). As a whole, this study identified locations within properties and cities that exhibited the highest exposure risk to children, and also exhibited the power of citizen science to produce data at a spatial scale (i.e., within a property boundary), which is usually impossible to feasibly collect in a typical research study.
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    Suspect Screening of Exogenous Compounds Using Multiple Reaction Screening (MRM) Profiling in Human Urine Samples
    (Elsevier, 2022) Marasco, César A., Jr.; Edwards, Madison E.; Lamarca, Rafaela S.; Sobreira, Tiago J. P.; Caterino, Jeffrey M.; Hains, David S.; Schwaderer, Andrew L.; de Lima Gomes, Paulo C. F.; Ferreira, Christina R.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Thousands of chemical compounds produced by industry are dispersed in the human environment widely enough to reach the world population, and the introduction of new chemicals constantly occurs. As new synthetic molecules emerge, rapid analytical workflows for screening possible presence of exogenous compounds in biofluids can be useful as a first pass analysis to detect chemical exposure and guide the development and application of more elaborate LC-MS/MS methods for quantification. In this study, a suspect screening workflow using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling method is proposed as a first pass exploratory technique to survey selected exogenous molecules in human urine samples. The workflow was applied to investigate 12 human urine samples using 310 MRMs related to the chemical functionalities of 87 exogenous compounds present in the METLIN database and reported in the literature. A total of 11 MRMs associated with five different compounds were detected in the samples. Product ion scans for the precursor ions of the selected MRMs were acquired as a further identification step for these chemicals. The suspect screening results suggested the presence of five exogenous compounds in the human urine samples analyzed, namely metformin, metoprolol, acetaminophen, paraxanthine and acrylamide. LC-MS/MS was applied as a last step to confirm these results, and the presence of four out of the five targets selected by MRM profiling were corroborated, indicating that this workflow can support the selection of suspect compounds to screen complex samples and guide more time-consuming and specific quantification analyses.