Browsing by Subject "Expectancies"

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    Application of the Acquired Preparedness Model for Alcohol and Cigarette Use Among Reserve-Dwelling First Nation Adolescents
    (American Psychological Association, 2022) Schick, Melissa R.; Williams, Jessica N.; Kirk-Provencher, Katelyn T.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Spillane, Nichea S.; Psychology, School of Science
    Objective: North American Indigenous youth experience disproportionate harm associated with alcohol and cigarette use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM), developed and tested in primarily White samples, hypothesizes that urgency contributes to risk for substance use by influencing the degree to which adolescents attend to positive aspects of substance use, leading to the development of more positive expectations about the consequences of substance use, and increasing subsequent substance use. The purpose of the present study was to provide an initial test of whether the APM generalizes to understanding alcohol and cigarette use among high-risk First Nation adolescents. Method: First Nation adolescents (n = 106, Mage = 14.6, 50.0% female) recruited from reserve communities in Eastern Canada completed self-report measures as part of a larger community-based participatory research project. Procedures were approved by tribal chief, council, and university IRB. Results: The hypothesized model demonstrated excellent fit for alcohol use, χ²(1) = 1.07, p = .30, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .02, and adequate fit for cigarette use, χ²(1) = 2.58, p = .11, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.03. The indirect effects of urgency on alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking through alcohol and cigarette expectancies were each significant. Conclusions: Findings of the present study provide initial support for the generalizability of the APM in understanding risk for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling First Nation youth. The next important step is to replicate this finding in a prospective sample.
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    Impulsivity and Problem Drinking in College: Examining the Mediating Role of Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use at Sex
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017-07-03) Banks, Devin E.; Zapolski, Tamika C. B.; Psychology, School of Science
    BACKGROUND: Dispositional impulsivity has been consistently implicated as a risk factor for problem drinking among college students and research suggests that this relationship may be explained in part by alcohol expectancies. A subset of alcohol expectancies, sex-related alcohol expectancies, is particularly linked to problem drinking among college students. The acquired preparedness model of risk postulates that people with dispositional impulsivity develop stronger sex-related alcohol expectancies, are subsequently more likely to drink at problematic levels in sexual situations, and thus, engage in more problem drinking. OBJECTIVES: Using this model, the current study examined whether sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use at sex mediated the relationship between impulsivity and problem drinking among college students. METHODS: College students (N = 101) completed self-report measures of alcohol use, sex-related alcohol expectancies, and five dimensions of impulsivity: negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance. RESULTS: Two facets of impulsivity-sensation seeking and lack of premeditation-provided unique contributions to problem drinking. Sex-related alcohol expectancies significantly mediated the effects of lack of premeditation and sensation seeking on problem drinking. In support of the acquired preparedness model, the relationship between the impulsivity traits and problem drinking was serially mediated by sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use at sex. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that sensation seeking and lack of premeditation continue to be areas of intervention for problem drinking among college students, and implicate sex-related alcohol expectancies as an area of intervention for alcohol use at sex and problem drinking.