Browsing by Subject "Europe"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 13
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    Alcoholic Liver Disease in Asia, Europe, and North America
    (Elsevier, 2016-06) Liangpunsakul, Suthat; Haber, Paul; McCaughan, Geoffrey W.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Alcoholic liver diseases comprise a spectrum of clinical disorders and changes in liver tissue that can be detected by pathology analysis. These range from steatosis to more severe signs and symptoms of liver disease associated with inflammation, such as those observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Although the relationship between alcohol consumption and liver disease is well established, severe alcohol-related morbidities develop in only a minority of people who consume alcohol in excess. Inter-individual differences in susceptibility to the toxic effects of alcohol have been studied extensively-they include pattern of alcohol consumption, sex, environmental factors (such as diet), and genetic factors, which vary widely among different parts of the world. Alcoholic liver disease is becoming more common in many parts of Asia, but is decreasing in Western Europe. Treatment approaches, including availability of medications, models of care, and approach to transplantation, differ among regions.
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    Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain
    (Springer Nature, 2019-05) Brace, Selina; Diekmann, Yoan; Booth, Thomas J.; van Dorp, Lucy; Faltyskova, Zuzana; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Ferry, Matthew; Michel, Megan; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Stewardson, Kristin; Martiniano, Rui; Walsh, Susan; Kayser, Manfred; Charlton, Sophy; Hellenthal, Garrett; Armit, Ian; Schulting, Rick; Craig, Oliver E.; Sheridan, Alison; Parker Pearson, Mike; Stringer, Chris; Reich, David; Thomas, Mark G.; Barnes, Ian; Biology, School of Science
    The roles of migration, admixture and acculturation in the European transition to farming have been debated for over 100 years. Genome-wide ancient DNA studies indicate predominantly Aegean ancestry for continental Neolithic farmers, but also variable admixture with local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. Neolithic cultures first appear in Britain circa 4000 BC, a millennium after they appeared in adjacent areas of continental Europe. The pattern and process of this delayed British Neolithic transition remain unclear. We assembled genome-wide data from 6 Mesolithic and 67 Neolithic individuals found in Britain, dating 8500-2500 BC. Our analyses reveal persistent genetic affinities between Mesolithic British and Western European hunter-gatherers. We find overwhelming support for agriculture being introduced to Britain by incoming continental farmers, with small, geographically structured levels of hunter-gatherer ancestry. Unlike other European Neolithic populations, we detect no resurgence of hunter-gatherer ancestry at any time during the Neolithic in Britain. Genetic affinities with Iberian Neolithic individuals indicate that British Neolithic people were mostly descended from Aegean farmers who followed the Mediterranean route of dispersal. We also infer considerable variation in pigmentation levels in Europe by circa 6000 BC.
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    Building a data sharing model for global genomic research
    (BioMed Central, 2014-08-11) Kosseim, Patricia; Dove, Edward S.; Baggaley, Carman; Meslin, Eric M.; Cate, Fred H.; Kaye, Jane; Harris, Jennifer R.; Knoppers, Bartha M.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Data sharing models designed to facilitate global business provide insights for improving transborder genomic data sharing. We argue that a flexible, externally endorsed, multilateral arrangement, combined with an objective third-party assurance mechanism, can effectively balance privacy with the need to share genomic data globally.
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    Cross-Border Funding Outflows: Spotlight on Europe
    (Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2024-07) School of Philanthropy, Indiana University Lilly Family
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    EU policy on biotechnology
    (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006) European Commission. Environment Directorate-General
    Describes the European Union policies and regulations regarding genetically-modified organisms (GMOs).
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    Life sciences and biotechnology: a strategy for Europe
    (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002) European Commission
    European plan to develop biotechnology in agriculture and medicine.
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    Measles matter: Recent outbreaks highlight the need for catch-up vaccination in Europe and around the globe
    (Elsevier, 2024-03-16) Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Jain, Nityanand; Tanasov, Andrei; Schlagenhauf, Patricia; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    New case studies on the coexistence of GM and non-GM crops in European agriculture
    (European Communities, 2006-01) European Commission. Joint Research Centre
    Summarizes six case studies made on contamination from genetically-engineered crops, including maize (corn), sugar beets, and cotton.
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    Rates of Depression and Anxiety in Cancer Patients: A Review of Cross-National Findings
    (Pabst Publishers, 2012) Bigatti, Silvia M.; Steiner, Jennifer L.; Cronan, Terry A.
    Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In this paper, we examine the similarities and differences between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU-27) in the incidences, deaths, types of screening, and screening rates for breast, cervical, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers. We highlight the differences between the health care, economic, and sociopolitical systems in the US and EU-27 that result in different types of coverage, access to health care, and cancer screening. Finally, we discuss patient-directed, provider-directed, community-directed, and system-directed interventions and the outcomes of these approaches.
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    Region Report 2018: Eastern and Southern Europe
    (2018) Hyánek, Vladimír
    The Eastern and Southern Europe region of the Global Philanthropy Environment Index is both geographically and religiously diverse, and includes economies in Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine) and Southern Europe (Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain). Nine countries are members of the European Union: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain; and Ukraine is one of the priority partners of the European Union. The most represented religions are Roman Catholic and Orthodox; but the common Christian values and practices have contributed to create similar philanthropic traditions across the region.